阅读材料，回答问题。

材料一：伊曼努尔·康德（1724-1804），出生于东普鲁士的哥尼斯堡，其父母都是路德宗虔诚教徒。受休谟等人的影响和启发，他建立了先验批判哲学，从而成为德国古典哲学的开创者，对西方哲学产生直接或间接影响。

王阳明提出良知学说，打破了程朱理学的羁绊，对晚明的启蒙思想起着一定的激发作用。

他们分别以“自由意志”和“良知”为核心建立先验道德哲学。

材料二：康德认为，自由意志就是善良意志，它是无条件的，先天的至善，是先天的绝对命令。

王阳明认为“天理”即良知，是存在于人性中的天赋理则，是先天固有，不虑而知，不学而能的。

康德认为意念具有选择善恶能力。人本来就具有“向善的素质”，人性中的恶是由于意念受感性欲望的影响产生。王阳明认为“有善有恶意之动”，在《大学问》里也说：“盖心之本体本无不正，自其意念发动而后有不正。故欲正其心者，必就其意念之所发动而正之。”王阳明认为，要“为善去恶”，就要穷理修身工夫，具体表现为正心、诚意、致知、格物相互贯通的过程。王阳明指出穷理修身工夫在于正心。对康德来说，为善去恶就是“意念之纯粹化”，即“恢复我们内在的具有向善的素质”。

——以上材料摘编自《康德“自由意志”和王阳明“良知”之比较》

唐朝太宗云：“以铜为镜，可以正衣冠；以古为镜，可以知兴替；以人为镜，可以明得失。”请结合课文，说说你从齐威王和唐太宗身上得到了什么启示。

景公出游
景公出游，问于晏子曰 ：“吾欲观于转附、朝舞（地名），遵（1）海而南，至于琅琊。寡人何为能效先王之游？”
“善哉！君之问也！”晏子再拜，曰 ：“闻天子之诸侯为巡狩（2），诸侯之天子为述职。故春省（3）耕而补不足者谓之游，秋省实而助不给者谓之豫（4） 。夏（朝）谚曰：吾君不游，我何以休？吾君不豫，我何以助？一游一豫，为诸侯度（5） 。今君之游不然，师行而筹于民，贫苦不补，劳者不息。夫从山而不反谓之流，从水而不反谓之连，从兽而不归谓之荒（6），纵乐而不归谓之亡。古者圣王无流连之游，荒亡之行 。”
公曰 ：“善 。”命吏计粮仓之粟，计长幼贫民之数。吏依数出粟，已与贫民者三百钟，公身见老、病者七十人，赈赡之，然后归也。
【注释】：（1）遵：循 （2）巡狩：视察 （3）省：考察 （4）豫：指帝王秋天出游。
（5）度：法度、准则 （6）荒：与下句的“亡”都指沉迷逸乐。

食用被诺如病毒( NV)污染的食物会导致呕吐与腹泻，而(NV)极易变异，下列推断不合理的是

    Alicia was a young woman who liked to exercise for her health. In fact， she walked five kilometers before 1 every morning， and went swimming once a week at the swimming pool. She didn't smoke and never2. She didn't eat chocolate. She didn't eat sweet and fatty food，3. She weighted herself every day.

    One day Alicia was on her daily walk when she saw a4sitting in a rocking chair under a tree. He looked very old and his hair was white. He looked thin and weak， and his hands were shaking，5 he looked very happy.

    He smiled at her and said， “Good morning! Lovely day， isn't it?”

    He had a wide smile on his6， and his eyes shone with happiness. But Alicia saw that he did not have teeth.

    “Good morning!” replied Alicia. “Yes， it is a lovely day.”

    Alicia thought he7very old and clever. She thought he must be at least 90 years old! She decided to ask him about the8of a happy old age.

    “I hope you don't mind (介意) me 9，” she said， “but what is your secret for being so happy at your age? I hope I can look as happy as you do10I am your age.”

    The man in the rocking chair said， “My secret for11? I smoke twenty packets of cigarettes every week， and drink three bottles of wine every day. I eat hamburgers and chocolates whenever I want. I never eat vegetables. I never walk anywhere and I never play sports. I sit at home every day.”

    Alicia was12. She didn't expect the man to give her an answer like that. She was surprised at how the man got to be so old when he did everything wrong. She thought he should be13and unhappy. Perhaps she was wrong. Maybe， she thought， people could live a long happy life14eating well or doing lots of exercise.

    “How 15 are you?” she asked.

    “It's my birthday today，” said the man. “I'm forty-seven!”