Feeling sad is an important part of human nature.

    Jerome Wakefield, a professor at New York University, mentions that feeling down after your heart is broken is normal and may even be beneficial. Recently, Wakefield's students have been coming up to him because their parents are pressuring them to get help for their sadness; often the kids want no part of it. Rather than “listen to medicine,” they want to listen to their hearts. He believes these students' reaction represents an important part of human nature.

    Professor Diener, who has studied happiness for a quarter century, finds that the Scots and many other peoples like being sad, and don't appreciate being told they should be happier. “They say too much happiness might not be such a good thing, no matter where it comes from,” says Diener. He believes it's wrong for the “happiness industry” to send the message that not only can we all be happier, but we have a duty to be so. He argues that what is considered normal sadness is something we shouldn't avoid.

    Eric Wilson, a professor at Wake Forest University, made every effort to smooth out his habitual frown and wear a sunny smile, since a happy expression can lead to happy feelings. He even tried to be enthusiastic. When neither of these made him happy, he concluded that such a happiness movement was no good for him at all. Americans, love for happiness, he writes, creates an environment where sadness is not valued.

    These researchers believe the problem of continuous, extreme happiness should not be surprising, since negative emotions developed for a reason. Fear warns us against the presence of danger, for instance. Sadness, too, seems to be part of our DNA: monkeys, dogs and elephants all display something that looks like sadness. Being “up” all the time can cause you to play down very real threats.

    They believe that only by experiencing sadness can we experience the fullness of the human condition. Their studies show that when you are in a negative frame of mind, you become more logical and more creative. Abraham Lincoln was not limited by his dark moods, and Beethoven composed his later works in a sad state. Vincent van Gogh, Emily Dickinson and other artistic giants saw the world through a glass darkly.

    People who are somewhat unhappy are more motivated to improve both their own lot and the lot of their community. In contrast, people at the top of the happiness charts feel no such urgency. “If you're totally satisfied with your life,” says Diener, “you don't feel like working for change. Be careful when people tell you that you should be happier.”

日本于2011年3月11日发生了9.0级的强震，据统计截止于3月28日，死亡人数已达10901人，这个数字用科学记数法表示为 （ ）

语文实践活动。

“雾霾”已经成为中国一个急需解决的问题，阅读以下材料，回答问题。

材料一：中国空气质量状况：中国500个城市中，只有不到1%的城市达到世界卫生组织推荐的空气质量标准，世界上污染最严重的10个城市有7个在中国。2014年的APEC 会议，确定在受雾霾污染严重的北京举办。伴随着2014年亚太经合组织（APEC）领导人会议周的临近，北京进入APEC时间。11月以来，北京的空气质量明显好转，北京市环保监测中心监测数据显示，11月3日上午8点，北京市六城区PM2．5浓度为每立方米37微克，接近一级优水平。天空也逐渐变蓝，被市民称为“APEC蓝”。

材料二：为确保APEC会议期间的空气质量，北京及周边5省市采取的一系列措施逐渐显效，京津冀实施道路限行和污染企业停工等措施，北京市住房和城乡建设委员会克服工期延误等困难，采取了强制措施，要求全市区域内的所有工地停止一切施工活动。同时，成立了近100个检查组，派出近500人的队伍，不间断地对全市3000多个在施工地进行巡查，确保施工现场停工到位、扬尘治理到位。

目前，我国已有昆曲、古琴艺术等几十个项目被联合国教科文组织列入“人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录”，跃居世界第一。重视文化遗产的保护是因为（    ）

①文化遗产是维系人类生存和发展的基础

②文化遗产是人类历史文化成就的重要标志

③保护文化遗产有利于研究人类文明的演进

④保护文化遗产有利于实现人类文明的趋同