Australia is the smallest continent in the world. It is a little smaller than China. It is on the Southern Hemisphere of the earth. Australia is big, but its population is small. The population of Australia is nearly as large as that of Shanghai.

    Enough laws have been made to fight against pollution. The cities in Australia have little air or water pollution. The sky is blue and the water is clean. You can clearly see fish in the rivers. Plants grow very well.

    Last month we visited Perth, the biggest city in Western Australia, and went to a wild flower exhibition. There we saw large numbers of wild flowers on show, most of which we had never seen before. We had a wonderful time. Perth is famous for its beautiful wild flowers. Every year in spring Perth has a wild flower exhibition. After visiting Perth, we spent a day in the countryside. We sat down and had a rest near a path at the foot of a hill. It was quiet and we enjoyed ourselves very much. When we heard bells ringing at the top of the hills, we looked up, but what we saw made us pick up all our things and run back to our car as quickly as we could. There were about three hundred sheep coming towards us along the path.

    Australia is famous for its sheep and kangaroos. After a short drive from any town, you will find yourself among the white sheep. Sheep, sheep, everywhere you can see sheep.

材料一：1700年，英国、法国、荷兰和奥地利等国围绕西班牙王位继承问题展开了激烈的斗争。其实这是一场诸列强借西班牙王位继承问题进行的领土和殖民地的大掠夺。结果，1713年英国与西班牙签订了《乌得勒支条约》条约规定：英国从西班牙取得直布罗陀和梅诺卡岛，并获得在西属殖民地贩卖非洲奴隶的特权，为期30年。之后，英国的黑奴贸易进入高潮时期，独霸一个世纪之久，成为黑奴贸易的罪魁。

——摘编自陈紫华《英国的黑奴贸易》

材料二：18世纪60年代，英国人认识到，把非洲人留在非洲进行奴役，既无风险，又可得到远远超过从奴隶贸易中获得的利润。因此，资本家渐渐地对奴隶贸易失去兴趣。19世纪初，英国殖民地欧文考查东非后，竭力主张废除奴隶贸易，就地利用当地资源，他说：“这些新的资源将为我国的企业和工业开放。”

——葛会伟《试论英国黑人奴隶贸易的状况和废除》

材料三：一小群改革者大力从事废奴运动。1787年，他们在英国成立了废除奴隶贸易协会。……1807年通过的一项法令标志着废奴主义者的首次成功，它规定英国船只不得参与奴隶贸易，并禁止向英国殖民地运送奴隶。……英国政府进而说服欧洲其它国家以它为榜样，允许英国军舰捕捉别国国旗的贩奴船。有一个时期，英国动用了海军四分之一的力量，即56艘船只，9000名水兵，在非洲、古巴和巴西沿海巡逻。

——斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》

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