Camels are large animals living in dry areas. There are two species of camels; the Arabian camel with a single hump(驼背) from the dry desert areas of West Asia, and the Bactrian camel with two humps from Central and East Asia. Camels are over 7 feet tall and weigh over 1,600 pounds. They will live up to 40 to 50 years. Most camels are domesticated(驯化) and fed by people. Camels are plant-eaters．

    Camels are very strong animals with wide, padded feet. They have thick leathery pads on their knees and chest. Camels have nostrils(鼻孔)that can open and close, protecting them from the desert environment. Bushy eyebrows and two rows of long eyelashes protect their eyes from sand. Their mouth is extremely tough, allowing camels to eat thorny(带刺的)desert plants. Their widened feet help them move without sinking into the sand. Their thick coats reflect sunlight, and also protect them from the intense heat from desert sand. Their long legs help by keeping them further from the hot ground．

    Camels can go without food and water for 3 to 4 days. They do not store water in their humps as is commonly believed．The humps are actually a container of fat. Camels are incredibly well-adapted to their environment. When conditions heat up, camels can increase their own body temperature, which prevents sweating and therefore water loss. They may not sweat at all during the day．

    Camels are sometimes called“ships of the desert”because people ride them around the hot, dry deserts of the world．However, the number of camels is becoming smaller for various reasons．

        tall he is now! But last year he was          and thin.

    先帝虑汉、贼不两立，王业不偏安^①，故托臣以讨贼也。以先帝之明，量臣之才，故知臣伐贼，才弱敌强也。然不伐贼，王业亦亡。惟坐而待亡，孰与伐之？是故托臣而弗疑也。臣受命之日，寝不安席，食不甘味；思惟北征，宜先入南^②。故五月渡泸，深入不毛，并日而食。臣非不自惜也，顾王业不可偏安于蜀都，故冒危难以奉先帝之遗意。而议者谓为非计^③。今贼适疲于西^④，又务于东^⑤，兵法乘劳，此进趋^⑥之时也。谨陈其事如左：

    高帝明并日月，谋臣渊深，然涉险被创，危然后安。今陛下未及高帝，谋臣不如良、平，而欲以长计取胜，坐定天下，此臣之未解一也。刘繇、王朗，各据州郡，论安言计，动引圣人，群疑满腹，众难塞胸，今岁不战，明年不征，使孙策坐大^⑦，遂并江东，此臣之未解二也。曹操智计，殊绝于人，其用兵也，仿佛孙、吴，然困于南阳，险于鸟巢，危于祁连，逼于黎阳，几败北山，殆死潼关，然后伪定一时耳，况臣才弱，而欲以不危而定之：此臣之未解三也。曹操五攻昌霸不下，四越巢湖不成。任用李服，而李服图之；委任夏侯，而夏侯败亡。先帝每称操为能，犹有此失；况臣驽下，何能必胜？此臣之未解四也。自臣到汉中，中间期年耳，然丧赵云、阳群、马玉、阎芝、丁立、白寿、刘邰、邓铜等，及曲长、屯将七十余人，突将无前。丛、叟、青羌，散骑武骑一千余人，此皆数十年之内所纠合四方之精锐，非一州之所有；若复数年，则损三分之二也。当何以图敌？此臣之未解五也。今民穷兵疲，而事不可息；事不可息，则住与行劳费正等，而不及今图之，欲以一州之地，与贼持久，此臣之未解六也。

    夫难平者，事也。昔先帝败军于楚，当此时，曹操拊手^⑧，谓天下已定，然后先帝东连吴越，西取巴、蜀，举兵北征，夏侯授首。此操之失计，而汉事将成也。然后吴更违盟，关羽毁败，秭归磋跌^⑨，曹丕称帝。凡事如是，难可逆见^⑩。臣鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已；至于成败利钝^⑾，非臣之明所能逆睹^⑿也。

【注】①王业不偏安：帝王的事业不能自安于蜀地一隅。②思惟北征，宜先入南：考虑着要想北征魏国，应先平定南中诸部，以巩固后方。③非计：不正确的计策。④今贼适疲于西：此指公元228年，诸葛亮出祁山伐魏而言。⑤又务于东：指同年八月东吴陆逊战败魏将曹休。务，勉力从事。⑥进趋：赶快进兵。⑦坐大：安然地强大起来。⑧拊手：拍手（称快）。⑨秭归磋跌：刘备因孙权击杀关羽，兴兵伐吴，公元222年至秭归为吴军所败。磋跌，失足跌倒，比喻失败。⑩逆见：预料。⑾利钝：顺利和困难。⑿逆睹：预料。

写出下列词语的近义词。

耐心——____   观察——____  好像——____    特殊——____