冲击钻是一种打孔的工具。工作时，钻头在电动机带动下不断地冲击墙壁打出圆孔（如图所示）。冲击钻在工作的过程中（）

    有宋以来，接地气的词、小说、戏曲的兴盛，促成了中国文化的下移，由此导致官方意识形态传播的因时而变。在承袭固有的诗文传播之外，如何使词、小说、戏曲担负起像诗文一样宣传正能量的职责，不仅要突破“诗文为贵，词曲为卑”的陈旧文体观念，更要面对的是文化下移带来的意识形态有效传播途径的探索。

    戏曲与意识形态的传播虽有深刻的关联，但官府因其“不登大雅之堂”而疏于管理。随着戏曲从业人员的壮大，题材内容思想的拓边扩界，“优孟衣冠”式的宫廷娱乐逐渐转为勾栏瓦肆的演出，这导致“违规越礼”之事时时有之。如《墙头马上》，剧中李千金与裴少俊在后花园违规越礼，颇为大胆。此类传播有违儒家教化，这一现象逐渐引起官府的警觉，于是针对戏曲的法律条文也多了起来。“诸妄撰词曲，诬人以犯上恶言者处死”等条文在《元史•刑法志》中有明确的记载。明承元风，逐渐强化。《御制大明律》云：“凡乐人搬做杂剧、戏文，不许装扮历代帝王后妃、忠臣烈士、先圣先贤神像，违者杖一百；官民之家，容令装扮者与之同罪。其神仙道扮及义夫节妇、孝子顺孙、劝人为善者，不在禁限。”

    明初，朱元璋盛推《琵琶记》。《琵琶记》出现之前，蔡伯喈、赵五娘的故事已在社会上广为流传，但内容多为蔡伯喈应试及第，抛亲弃妻，被暴雷轰死。高明感于蔡伯喈行为有违教化，故在“休论插科打诨，也不寻宫数调，只看子孝与妻贤”创作动机的驱使下，把原本负心题材的故事，演绎成“有贞有烈赵贞女，全忠全孝蔡伯喈”的教化剧。

    朱元璋之子朱权，潜心戏曲，援引“治世之音安以乐”，为《太和正音谱》的戏曲文献整理鸣锣开道，并云“杂剧者，太平之胜事，非太平则无以出”。理学家丘濬继承高明戏曲遗风，言“借他时世曲，寓我圣贤言”。清初流传甚广的《桃花扇》与《长生殿》，更是接续“资治通鉴”之史家意识，使情摆脱了晚明一己自由之立场，而放到一己之情与国运相关的宏大叙事之中。

    戏曲传播的一个重要特性是易知易晓。丘濬在《伍伦全备记》开场白中直言，经书所载三纲五常，不如诗歌吟咏性情，容易感动人心。近世以来做成南北戏文，人人观看，皆能通晓，尤易感动人心，使人手舞足蹈不自觉。在感发人心这点上，丘濬不但看到了卑体戏曲与尊体诗歌的一致性，而且体悟到“性情”传播的个体差异性。

    戏曲传播的另一个特性是剧场的群体接受。戏曲批评界崇尚场上之曲，鄙弃案头之书，这种批评旨趣反映了舞台性之于戏曲的重要，而对舞台性的衡量离不开台下受众的接受。丘濬著作中曾记录群体受众的面部表情：“座中观者不下数百人，往往有感动者，有奋发者，有追悔者，有恻然叹息者，有泫然流涕者。”相较于诗文的个体阅读接受，戏曲之剧场的群体接受，更显示出戏曲传播的宽度及其演员、观众互动的特殊性。

（选自《有宋以来戏曲传播的有效利用》，有删改）

    If you find yourself checking your phone first thing in the morning, if you find you're text-messaging while driving, checking your phone instead of working on an important assignment—you are addicted.

    Don't worry. The new NoPhone might be just the thing you need. It looks and feels exactly like a smartphone, but it does nothing. It's just a piece of plastic that you can carry around in your hand to fool yourself.

    NoPhone is currently a prototype(手机模型) that will cost only $12 once it hits the market. Its makers are trying to raise $30,000 in order to cover the production and marketing costs.

    Dutch designer Ingmar Larsen, who helped create the NoPhone, said that he had the idea as a joke along with his friends Van Gould and Ben Langveld. To their great surprise, the idea received a lot of attention online and people from all over the world started placing requests for NoPhone of their own, so that's when the three friends decided to raise money for mass production.

    David H said,“ I used to sleep with my phone in my hand, but my night errors would cause me to throw it across the room in an unconscious panic. With the NoPhone, I can still enjoy the comfort of holding a phone in my sleep, without waking up to a shattered screen, thanks, NoPhone.”

    If you're interested in NoPhone, but concerned about not being able to takeselfies anymore, don't worry. The makers do have an update at no extra charge—the mirror sticker. That way, they say, you can enjoy “real-time” selfies with your friends when they're standing right behind you.

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