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阅读议论文《莫远离“深阅读”》,完成下列小题。

    ①在现代社会,网络、手机、电视等传播媒介,极大改变了人们的阅读习惯。人的身体从书斋里解放出来,整个世界都成了书房。与此同时,阅读也变得越来越简单随意,看时一目十行,看后过目即忘——人们常说的“浅阅读”逐渐风行起来。

    ②传播媒介变了,阅读习惯也随之改变,这无可厚非。读书从来都有不同类别,何况“读”总比“毒”和“赌”好,毕竟它能获取信息、提升修养。但是,如果一种拒绝深度的浅阅读借助于媒介的力量,逐渐演化成社会上大多数人尤其是年轻一代的阅读习惯时,我们是否该有所审视?

    ③阅读之深浅,并非小事。往小里说,涉及个人生活方式,往大处讲,涉及社会风尚和全民族的文化倾向。科技的发达,资讯的浩繁,并不能成为远离深阅读的借口。历史上很多名人,并不苛求读书之多,却强调读书之深。唐宋八大家的韩愈自述所服膺之书不过数种。清代名臣曾国藩反复强调读书要专,“穷经必专一经,不可泛鹜”,“但一部未完,不可换他部,此万万不易之道”。古人讲究读书譬若掘井,与其多掘数井而不及泉,不如专守一井,力求及泉,而用之不竭。当然,一味艰深不免乏味,但是一股脑跟风“浅阅读”,则终会流于浮泛。

    ④我相信,如果沉迷于新潮时尚、“触手可及”的手机阅读、广告阅读、网络阅读,这个社会能够造就千千万万个信息受众,但是很难培育精深广博的大家。当然,这里并非要提倡复古读经,也不是强求每个人都去做名人大家,而只是为时下偏颇式的阅读状况担忧,为人们对这样的阅读习惯习焉不察而担忧。阅读可以是休闲、娱乐,但不应止于休闲、娱乐,尤其是对于整个国民而言。

    ⑤从另一角度来说,人类文明长河存在无数经典,不少作品的孕育时间与创作艰辛都令人慨叹。《红楼梦》披阅十载,增删五次,               这些作品呼唤代代后人不断重读,温故知新。它们的厚重与丰富,也注定了阅读的艰难与沉潜,这是浅阅读无法涉足的领域。曾有人在网上搞所谓的世界经典名著快读,把每部名著概括成几十个字的故事梗概,以为这样可以花最少的时间,读最多的名著,简直可以算得上心浮气躁的典型例子。

    ⑥对于不以读书、研究为业的人来说,“浅阅读”未尝不可,但对于整个社会,对于传统文化的传承和民族素质的提升,深阅读万不可废。如果有一天,国人全都沉迷于摩尔庄园、偷菜游戏、手机短信和QQ聊天,那么这还是不是我们?

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    Sorry seems to be the hardest word. So sang Elton John on one of his biggest 1970s hits——but not every public figure seems to find it so tough to let out that powerful five-letter word.

    In recent months varieties of public figures, from politicians, to Hollywood actors and You Tube stars have all publicly expressed regrets.

    But with floods of regrets on the airwaves, just how can we tell a forced apology from a heartfelt expression?

    In its purest form, saying sorry should be an “act of regrets, a realization that something you have said or done has hurt someone and you want to repair it”, says psychologist Geraldine Joaquim.

    Made early, a sincere apology can be hugely beneficial and can “relieve the tension and takes the wind out of an accusers sails”, she says.

    A need to say sorry can arise in someone's public life and equally at home with their family and friends but, whatever the environment, how well it is received depends on how personalized it feels.

    From businesses, governments and organizations, a scripted response will fail to resonate (引起共鸣) as it will not convey empathy (同理心) and sympathy.

Whether online or in person, the timing and choice of language in an apology are decisive factors.

    “It is important to show that you understand and sympathize,” says Martin Stone, of PR agency Tank, “It is vital that any business or individual making an apology understands the focus- is it sorry for the way it's acted or is it sorry that the complainant feels the way they do?” Performed apologies always have a sense of being “acted out, and are often accompanied by too many theatrical gestures. If sincere, the person making the apology will be looking for listening clues to see if they are being understood, such as eye contact and facial expressions. They will provide “humbling (谦卑的) signals”, such as a lowered head, to indicate regrets.

    It is also important to avoid irresponsible statements or promises that can't be kept. “Don't say that you'll ensure that this will not happen again if you're not confident it won't. It could come back to bite you,” Stone explains.

    Equally, the use of “but” can hugely change the tone of an apology.

    As Stone points out. 'I'm sorry but... It sounds like you are making excuses and aren't actually taking any form of responsibility. It may be three letters but it can instantly make an apology seem hollow,”

Passage outline

Detailed information

Does sorry seem to be the most difficult word?

For some, it seems to be a ____ nut to crack while for others, it is just a piece of cake.

Is it a heartfelt apology?

• There being a storm of regrets on the airwaves, it is hard to make a ____ between a sincere apology or a forced one.

• In its purest form, apology means offering regrets, which can be hugely beneficial if ____ early.

• A scripted apology from business, governments and organizations doesn't resonate, thus being ____ to convey empathy and sympathy.

• Whatever the environment is, the ____ to which an apology is received depends on how personalized it feels.

How can we make a heartfelt apology?

____ you say sorry is one decisive factor. The earlier you say sorry, the sooner the complainant will feel it.

• The choice of your ____ language is the other decisive factor. You're not ____ out the apology. You should provide humbling signals to indicate regrets.

• Be ____ for the statements or promises you make. Don't say anything that can't be kept.

• Never find ____ for your wrong behaviors with “but”.