题干

先估计一下你自己的铅笔盒的周长,再测量并计算出它的实际周长是多少?
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答案(点此获取答案解析)

解:估算时,把铅笔盒的长与宽与头脑中的长度相比较,并口算出结果;测量时,先测出长与宽的实际长度再计算

同类题3

学校、课程、教材。

材料一:“千百年楚材导源于此,近世纪湘学与日争光。”这是长沙岳麓书院门前的一幅楹联。岳麓山在西晋以前为道士活动地,曾建有万寿宫、崇真观。唐末五代时期,僧人智璇等人为“思儒者之道”,在麓山寺下建起学舍,后在此基础上扩建诞生了岳麓书院。

    北宋咸平二年,潭州太守李允主持了书院最大一次扩建,还请得国子监的《义疏》《史记》等典籍,正式建立藏书楼于讲堂之后。宋真宗大中祥符年间,因办学成绩卓著,风闻天下,皇帝召见了书院山长周式,并赐予御笔亲书的“岳麓书院”匾额。书院还“塑先师十哲之像,画七十二贤(七十二贤是孔子门下德才出众的学生,十哲指其中最优秀的十位学生)”,并供祀本学派大师以及忠臣学者……这里走出了王夫之、曾国藩等一大批风流人物。后人称赞说:“使里人有必葺之志,学者无将落之忧。谁谓潇湘?兹为洙泗。谁谓荆蛮?兹为邹鲁(洙泗、邹鲁都代指孔孟故乡)。”

——摘编自朱汉民《岳麓书院》

材料二:1908年,商务印书馆出版《女子国文教科书》,是中国最早的专门为女子教育而编订的教材之一。其第六册目录如下:

注:(该课正文)雅丽,北美洲之女子也。华盛顿起兵时,雅丽方七岁。一日,携鸡卵一筐以见华盛顿,曰,将军为国民之事,劳苦甚矣,今备不腆之仪敬询将军。遂指鸡卵以示华盛顿曰,此中有物,可碎其壳而食也。华盛顿惊感待以殊礼。

材料三:中世纪的学校是培养修士和神父的地方,各种年龄的年青人和一位教师坐在一起,能学多少学多少。15,16世纪,欧洲学校教育开始按年龄和程度分班,每班有各自的教师,学生定期升级。拉丁文仍是主课,又增加了希腊文、历史和道德哲学。学习拉丁文(以及希腊文)是为了能够阅读抒情诗、演说、信札、历史以及哲学论文等古代著作,而这些著作为每一代受教育的精英提供实用的教训,他们或成为未来的大臣、外交官,甚至成为统治者本人。经过改革的教会认为,每一个个体都必须会阅读并靠自己的能力来理解经文。此时几乎欧洲每个地区都有了自己的大学。在许多捐赠奖学金的推动下,英国的文法学校(相当于中等教育),法国的专科学校在城市中纷纷建立。一些私立学校成为向工匠和商人传授必要技能的地方。有的学校为穷孩子保留了房间,并向他们提供简单的就业机会,以解决学费问题……牛津大学学生中约半数是“平民”。其中一些人获得了国王授予的不能继承的贵族头衔,从而有了较高的社会地位。

——摘编自(美)帕尔默《欧洲崛起:现代世界的入口》等

同类题4

阅读理解

    World Elephant Day is the perfect time to find out more about these amazing animals and what we can do to preserve them so they do not go the way of the mammoth(猛犸象).

    World Elephant Day was created in 2011 by two Canadian filmmakers Patricia Sims and Thailand's Elephant Reintroduction Foundation and was first celebrated on August 12, 2012. They made the documentary Return to the Forest, a fascinating 30 minute film about the reintroduction of caught Asian elephants to the wild.

    Currently, the demand for ivory(象牙)is becoming bigger and bigger, whose price is higher than that of gold, making elephants bigger targets than ever. Habitation loss is also a danger to the world's elephant population as it robs elephants of the hundreds of pounds of food they need every day, making it more difficult for them to breed and making it easier for hunters to track them down. Circuses and tourism are also serious threats to the animals' well-being.

    The best way to celebrate this day is to take the opportunity to educate yourself about these magnificent(巨大的)mammals and share your knowledge with others. As ever, simply spreading the word about the dangers these magnificent mammals face via social media can actually make a real change. Expose that “training” elephants often involves tying and beating them daily for months on end. If you want to get a bit more involved, you could choose to make a donation to a foundation dedicated to protecting elephants from hunters or relocating them to locations better suited to their needs.

    Whichever way suits you best, make sure that you spend this day in a way that helps elephants all over the world, so we, in turn, can continue to wonder at them and their uniquely fascinating way of life.