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这个手机没听筒

      ①在两个世纪前,音乐家贝多芬在完全失聪后,用牙咬住指挥棒的一端,将另一端抵在钢琴上来感知自己演奏的琴声,从而继续进行创作。贝多芬这种听声音的方式就是“骨传导”技术的应用实例。

      ②随着科学技术的发展,现在还出现了骨传导手机。众所周知,手机的基本功能在于通话,但是当你看到这样一部手机的时候,你或许一下子还不清楚该怎么用它来通话,因为这个手机没听筒!但它的确是一部手机,只是运用了最新的“骨传导”技术代替传统的听筒。让我们先来了解一下“骨传导”技术的概念。声音通过我们的头骨、颌骨传到听觉神经的这种传导方式叫骨传导。我们知道,声音是由物体振动产生的声波,而这种声波必须经过一定介质(空气或固体、液体)才能传播并被人或动物的听觉器官所感知。声音在不同介质中传播的速度也各有不同,在固体中的传播速度最快,在液体中次之,在气体中传播速度最慢,15℃空气环境下为340米/秒。也就是说,声音通过我们的头骨、颌骨(编者注:构成口腔上部和下部的骨头和肌肉等组织叫做颌)传播的速度是大于340米/秒的。当然,声音在固体中的衰减也较其他介质快,因而它传不远。

      ③最早在手机中运用这一技术的分别是日本的夏普公司和京瓷公司。既然是一部手机,那么它就一定有“听筒”,从官方的介绍资料上看,这两家公司的手机主要都是将声波以屏幕震动的方式传递到颅骨,再经内耳的内、外淋巴液、螺旋器到达听觉神经。相较空气传导路径,减少了耳廓、耳道、骨膜等多重耳组织的途径,甚至不需要耳膜的振动。

      这样的特点,成就了“骨传导”技术诸多的优势。其中最显著的优点就是在嘈杂的环境中依然能保持清晰的通话质量。加之将整块手机屏幕作为发声区域,面积大,传导效率高,在特殊环境中,比如水下、建筑工地,其优势更加明显。目前在消防、特种作战部队等部门,已经开始尝试使用骨传导的耳机。

      ⑤同时,“骨传导”技术也是听力障碍者(从外耳到中耳的传音系统引起的听力障碍)的福音。特别是随着年龄的增大,人的耳膜性能下降时,就会产生听力障碍。“骨传导”技术不需要振动耳膜就可以直达听觉神经,因此老年手机将被重新定义。

      ⑥此外,手机用户们通常都有这样的感受,就是扬声器的位置因为构造的关系,不免会有凹陷和缝隙,这就给污垢、细菌营造了良好的生存环境。而屏幕替代了听筒之后,这个问题也就不复存在了。当然,任何事物皆有两面性。如今的“骨传导”技术还有一定的缺陷,存在一些亟待改进的问题。人发声的频率范围仅在85-1100赫兹之间,电话通信声音频率范围在300-3400赫兹,而一般的“骨传导”耳机声音频率范围在300-3000赫兹,如此一比较就会发现,“骨传导”技术在高频响应方面,本身不具备优势,要想使“骨传导”技术运用于音乐欣赏,恐怕尚需时日。

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    Whether in your life or work, the following things are not the reasons for you to feel embarrassed. It's OK and just move on.

⒈Mistakes while learning

    There will be times when you have people above you(a boss) or even next to you(a coworker) that will get really annoyed with you for“ruining"  something "important".____ Even if you make mistakes and get a punishment, persevere and push on. You do not need to be embarrassed for learning from your mistakes.

⒉Food choices

    People are different and have different taste buds(味蕾).Whether it is healthy or not, food is a choice and it is part of life.____  You do not need to be embarrassed for food you do or do not like. Tell them, "It is a personal choice I have made, and I am committed to it.”

⒊Your past

    Allowing positive experiences to define, limit, improve, and outshine(凸显)you may cause you to be caught up in the past and unable to truly live in the present. Whether your history is positive, negative, or somewhere in between, don't hold on to the negative experiences and let it reflect your current behavior,____

⒋The clean lines of your car/home/workspace

    When everyone gets in the car, you realize your Starbuck bags are still on the floor. So what? Think about it this way: everyone has a "messy" aspect of their life. Maybe their home is completely clean, but the relationship with their spouse(配偶)is messy. Someone's car gets washed once a week, but his/her work life could use some help.____ We don't apologize to others about our personal limitations. By being outwardly embarrassed, it only brings more attention to the fact!

⒌Putting yourself first

    If you find yourself saying no to something or making up lies to get out of it,tell them the truth,  and don't apologize. You will feel much better in the long run if you are honest with them and yourself. If you're not up to a voluntary duty, you don't have to be. You can politely refuse the person's request.

    ____ Put yourself first.

A. It is simply a personal choice that people make for their own reasons.

B. It is okay to be selfish from time to time.

C. Errors are bound to happen when you have on your training wheels.

D. Each of them waits for your immediate help.

E. Let bygones(过去的事)  be bygones.

F. Forgetting history means betrayal.

G. No one on Earth lives a perfectly "clean" life in every aspect.