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阅读下列关于古代雅典民主政治的材料,回答问题:

材料一  在雅典,凡是公民都享有充分的民主权利,其权利通过公民直接参与和管理城邦政治活动来实现。

材料二 每年6个雅典公民中就有1人可能担任某种公职。雅典的公职如执政官、将军、议员、陪审员等,均由选举或抽签产生,任职期限均为一年。已任公职者,在其他公民尚未任过一次之前,不得连续担任公职。因为公职不是终身制,而是年年选举更替,因而公民都有轮流担任公职的机会。

材料三  在雅典“公民没有抛弃公务照管私务的自由,相反他必须奋不顾身地为城邦的福祉而努力”。梭伦时期,曾制定一项特别法令,规定任何公民“当发生内争时,不加入任何一方者,将失去公民权利”。伯利克里时代给负担城邦公职者发放公职津贴,从经济上保证公民对城邦政治的参与。

——以上均引自蒋云芳、胡长林著《雅典民主政治的特征及对西方民主的影响》

材料四  雅典的的主要政治制度是公民大会……所有成年都可以参加(妇女、奴隶和外邦人外。)

材料五  现代民主在对它(指古雅典的民主政治)进行表扬时,并不是否认而是继承和发扬了如主权在民、法治、公民意识等精神,这些是民主的重要支柱。

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    Greg Woodburn, a university student, spends a lot of time cleaning sports shoes. Some of them once belonged to him; some belonged to his friends. But soon the shoes will have new owners, poor children in the USA and 20 other countries, thanks to Greg's Share Our Soles(鞋底) (S.O.S) charity. 
    Greg was a high school running star in a small town in California. He had to stop running for months because his knee was injured. "I started thinking about all the things I got from running, the health, the friendships and the confidence."he says. And I realized there are children who don't even have shoes.
    Greg collected his own sports shoes and then called his friends and the town. His aim was to have 100 pairs by Christmas 2006. When the number climbed to more than 500 pairs. Greg know that he could collect sports shoes all year round.
    Now he has set up collection boxes in his town. So far, S.O.S has collected and donated more than 3,000 pairs of shoes. And Greg has cleaned almost all of them. “People think of it as duty work,”he says, "but I like doing it, because I feel happy when I'm doing it. It's not work I want to pass on to someone else.”
    In just three years, Greg has started three branches(分部) of S.O.S and there are more and more sports shoes.
    For many poor children who have received the shoes mean opportunity. Two young boys in southern California used to go to school on alternate days(隔日) because they both shared a pair of shoes. They were too big for one boy and too small for the other. Thanks to S.O.S, each brother received his own pair of shoes. The boys now go to school every day. When they graduate, they say they will help others, just as Greg helped them.