语法填空

    In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice-bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, ____ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.

    Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might ____ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ____ (create) special design.

    The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, ____ (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. Over time, ____ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ____ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.

    Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ____ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the ____ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ____ (be) too violent for use at the table.

    Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ____ their hands.

Stand up, Amy. How many birds?- Eight birds.

阅读材料，完成下列问题。

材料一   威海位于哈萨克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦交界处，克孜勒库姆沙漠的中部。据联合国粮农组织（FAO）网站的消息，在50年以前，威海总面积为6.6万平方公里，这几乎相当于一个斯里兰卡的国土面积。威海流域的水资源给当地的农业和渔业带来了巨大的发展机会，据统计，当地渔业年捕捞量曾经达到4万吨，其支流的三角洲有几十个小湖，生态丰富的沼泽和湿地遍及55万吨。

材料二   不同年代威海面积变化图。

材料三   下面分别为中亚示意图和塔什干气温曲线和降水柱状图：

阅读《斑羚飞渡》片段，回答问题。
       没有拥挤，没有争夺，秩序井然，快速飞渡。我十分注意盯着那群注定要送死的老斑羚，心想，或许有个别滑头的老斑羚会从注定死亡的那拨偷偷溜到新生的那拨去，但让我震惊的是，从头至尾没有一只老斑羚调换位置。
        最后伤心崖上只剩下那只成功地指挥了这群斑羚集体飞渡的镰刀头羊。这群斑羚不是偶数，恰恰是奇数。镰刀头羊孤零零地站在山峰上，①      没有年轻的斑羚需要它做空中垫脚石飞到对岸去，②     没有谁来帮它飞渡。只见它迈着坚定的步伐，走向那道绚丽的彩虹，消失在一片灿烂中。