题干

阅读材料,回答问题。
材料一 近500年来发生过三次结构性的权力转变……第一次是西方世界(欧洲)的崛起,此转变始于15世纪,在19世纪急剧加速;第二次转变发生在19世纪末美国的崛起……20世纪的全球经济、科技、文化和理念,大半时间由美国主导;我们目前正在经历的则是现代时尚的第三次权力转变,或可称为“群雄竞起”的时代。   
——(美)法里德·扎卡里亚《后美国世界》
材料二 哈佛大学的专家史迪威大胆猜测,我们或许正生活在“自我们这个物种存在以来最和平的时期”。                        
——(美)法里德·扎卡里亚《后美国世界》
材料三 不论你愿意与否,全球化进程都会不断深入地发展……甚至连反全球化也经历了一个“反全球化的全球化”过程。

(1)依据材料一,结合所学知识,概括20世纪“大半时间由美国主导世界”的因素。
(2)材料二中“当今我们生活在最和平的时期”的论断,你是否赞同?简要说明理由。
(3)综合材料一、二,结合所学知识,谈谈对材料三种“全球化”和“反全球化运动”的认识。

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

(1)因素:确立先进的资本主义制度;通过罗斯福新政进行政策调整和制度创新;利用第三次科技革命成果;世界大战中大发战争财。
(2)赞同。理由:冷战结束;经济全球化发展;政治格局多极化趋势加强等。不赞同。理由:地区冲突、民族矛盾、宗教纷争;强权政治、霸权主义;核威胁;恐怖主义威胁等。
(3) 认识“全球化”:是生产力发展的结果和历史发展的趋势,有利于经济发展与交流,要顺应潮流,把握给予;是西方发达国家主导的,存在着不公平、不合理现象; 给世界带来了新的挑战,要改变不利条件,争取建立世界经济新

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    CHICAGO- Have you ever worked on your laptop computer with it sitting on your lap, heating up your legs? If so, you might want to rethink that habit from now on. Doing it a lot can lead to “toasted skin syndrome (症状)”, an unusual-looking spotted skin condition caused by long-term heat exposure (暴露), according to medical reports.
    In one recent case, a 12-year-old boy from California developed a skin discoloration on his left lap after playing computer games a few hours every day for several months. “He recognized that the laptop got hot on the left side; however, he did not change its position, ” Swiss researches reported in an article published Monday in the journal Pediatrics.
    Another similar case is a Virginia law student who needed treatment for the spotted darkening on her leg. Dr. Kimberley Salkey, who treated the young woman, learned the student spent about six hours a day working with her computer placed on her lap. As Dr. Salkey later learnt, the temperature under the laptop could reach 51 degrees. That case, from 2007, is one of 10 laptop-related cases reported in medical journals in the past six years.
    The condition can also be caused by overuse of heating pads (垫子) and other heat sources that usually aren't hot enough to cause burns. It's generally harmless but can also cause such permanent (永久的) skin darkening. In very rare cases, it can cause damage leading to skin cancers, said the Swiss researchers, Drs. Andreas Arnold and Peter Itin from University Hospital Basel. They do not mention any skin cancer cases linked to laptop use, but suggest, to be safe, placing a carrying case under the laptop if you have to hold it on your lap.
    Dr. Kimberley Salkey said that under the microscope, the affected skin is similar to skin damaged by long-term sun exposure.
    Major producers including Apple and Dell warn against placing laptops on laps or exposed skin for long periods of time because of the risks for burns. In the past, “toasted skin syndrome” has happened to workers whose jobs require being close to a heat source, including bakers and glass blowers, and in people who gathered near hot stoves to stay warm.
    Dr. Anthony J. Mancini, chief at Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago, said that it's unlikely that computer use would lead to cancer since it's so easy to avoid close skin contact (接触) with laptops.