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下列是俄罗斯的略图,完成下列的要求.

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    It may not come as a surprise but the world as a whole is getting richer. Some people have more disposable income to spend on luxuries such as holidays, cars, TVs and smartphones. Recent data has shown that the number of people living in extreme poverty has halved in recent decades. So should we celebrate the fact that more of us now have a better standard of living?

    Maybe not. While the gap between rich and poor in some countries is narrowing, there is still a lot of inequality in other places-some people have a lot of money and opportunities and others don't. A recent report by Oxfam and Credit Suisse revealed how divided many of us are when it comes to wealth. A lot of the money in the world is in the hands of very few people. In fact, 48% of global wealth is owned by the richest 1% of the population.

    But some countries are attempting to reduce this inequality and make the poor less poor. According to David Bryer from Oxfam, Brazil has been taking “some really sensible measures-measures around having more progressive tax, around investing in a higher minimum wage and investing in central public services.” Having a higher minimum wage(提高最低工资标准), can help people eat better and seek a better education. And more people with more money buy more things-and factories can produce more. In turn, a factory which produces more will need more workers. So, more jobs are created.

    Other wealthy individuals are doing their bit to help reduce inequality. Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, earned a lot of money from his company but when he retired, he and his wife Melinda, created a foundation to help the poor. He thinks that rich people should, of course, pay their taxes but he also advises that they should all “look at taking their wealth and being philanthropic, both in their own country and to help the global poorest.”

    Bill Gates feels that giving money to help poor people is “fulfilling”. But if other super-rich people don't want to experience this fulfilment then, according to Oxfam, very soon the wealthiest 1% will soon own more money than the rest of the world's population. Do you think that is fair?

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外婆和鞋

席慕容

    ①我有一双塑胶的拖鞋,是在出国前两年买的,出国后又穿了五年。它的形状很普通,就像你在台北街头随处可见的最平常的样式:平底,浅蓝色,前端镂空成六个圆带子,中间用一个结把它们连起来。买的时候是喜欢它的颜色,穿了五六年后,已经由浅蓝色变成浅灰,鞋底也磨得一边高一边低了。

    ②你知道我为什么舍不得丢掉它吗?

    ③这是个让生命在刹那间变得非常温柔的回忆。大学快毕业时,家住在北投山上,没有课的早上,我常常会带着两只小狗满山乱跑。有太阳的日子,大屯山腰上的美丽简直无法形容,最让我快乐的是在行走中猛然回过头,然后再仔细辨认,山坡下面,哪一幢是我的家,走着走着,我的新拖鞋就不像样了。不过,我没时间管它,直到有一天,傍晚,放学回家,隔着矮矮的石墙,看见我的拖鞋被整整齐齐地摆在花园里的水泥小路上。带着刚和同学分手后的那一点嚣张,我就在矮墙外大声地叫起来:

    ④“何方人士,敢动本人的拖鞋?”花园那边没有动静。再往客厅的方向看过去,外婆正坐在纱门后面,一面摇扇子,一面看着我笑呢。

    ⑤“今天下午,我用你们浇花的水管给你把拖鞋洗了,刚放在太阳地里晒晒就干了。多方便!多大的姑娘啦!穿这么脏的鞋给人笑话。”

    ⑥以后,每次上山时,外婆总会替我把拖鞋洗干净,晒好,有时甚至给我放到床前。然后在傍晚时分,她就会安详地坐在客厅里,一面摇扇子,一面等着我们回来。我常常会在穿上拖鞋时,觉得有一股暖和与舒适的感觉,不知道是院里下午的太阳呢,还是外婆手上的余温?

    ⑦就是因为舍不得这一点余温,外婆去世的消息传来以后,所有能够让我纪念她老人家的东西:比如出国前夕给我的戒指,给我买料子赶做的小棉袄,都在泪眼盈盈中好好地收起来了。这双拖鞋,也就一直留在身边,舍不得丢。每次接触到它灰旧的表面时,便仿佛也接触到曾洗过它的外婆的温暖而多皱的手,便会想起在夕阳下的园中小径,和外婆在客厅纱门后面的笑容。那么遥远,那么温柔,而又那么肯定地一去不返。