题干

阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料一:黄宗羲理想中的君主是“不以一己之利为利,而使天下受其利;不以一己之害为害,而使天下释其害”的人。

一一允春喜《黄宗羲民本主义理念与卢梭人民主权说》

材料二:维新派指出,“国之强弱,悉推原于民主……民主,固救时之善图也”,“君权日益尊,民权日益衰,为中国致弱之根源”。谭嗣同还指出,是先有人民而后才有了君主,君主是人民共同选择推举出来的。“君未也,民本也。”“天下无有因末而累及本者,亦岂可因君而。累及民哉?”君主是由人民供养的,“事不办而易其人,亦天下之通史也”。“夫日共举之,则且必可共度之。”

——耿志云《西方民主在近代中国》

材料三:卢梭认为国家既然是由于社会契约形成的,那么,它的目的在于谋取社会公共的福利。因此,国家的主权(即最高统治权)必须体现人民的“公意”。所谓“公意”就是指全体人民的共同意志,或者总的意志。这种体现人民“公意”的国家主权自然应属于全体人民。作为体现“公意”的国家主权应该是无限制的(即绝对的权威)。只要主权者需要,人们就应贡献出自己的一切;但是,主权者必须以人民的“公共福利”为前提,才能享有这种绝对权成。

——王荣堂《卢梭及其人民主权学说》

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Many people think sports are just for winning and honor, but there is a lot more you can gain from (get out of) them. I have learned over the past years that sometimes when I lose, I get a lot more out of it than winning. Also, I find a lot of times in sports, people are getting too caught up in the game instead of just having fun. The real purpose of sports is to have fun and learn life lessons along the way.
I greatly encourage you to be a part of the school sports. Even if you are not the best, you can still have fun. Sports give people a great and healthy way of spending an afternoon, instead of lying around playing video games or even getting into bad things. Sports also give us a sense of achievement. There isn’t a better feeling than to have done something fun and productive for my day.
I think that we all need sports to give us courage. If we try hard in sports, we usually do well. If we did the same in study, we would all be champions. Another reason why I encourage you to play sports is that it’s just fun. Without sports, our lives would just be boring. So as you may be able to tell, sports are amazing!
Our coaches not only teach us to play sports, but show class and good sportsmanship while playing them. It’s never fun when you lose to have the competitor rub it in your face. That’s why our coaches teach us to show class when we lose; also, when coaches get onto you, don’t get down. They only want to see you improve and learn from what they say. When you do badly and they don’t shout loudly is when you should start worrying because they are giving up on you.
Overall, sports are great! They bring out the best and worst of a lot of us. However, we can’ t let sports get too serious to where it brings down all the fun. So to have the most fun in sports, you just need try your best and not worry so much about the winning or losing.