材料一  开宝四年(971年)，宋太祖赵匡胤“置市舶司于广州，后又于杭、明州置司”……根据考古，东起日本，南到印尼，西到东非，甚至在非洲内陆的津巴布韦都有宋代瓷器的发现。……与宋代进行通商的国家和地区有50个，其中宋代海舶直接到达的有20多个(当时)。……北宋初年，广州的市舶收入只是占了国家财政收入的2%，到了南宋初年占据了全国财政收入的20%……

                                     ——摘编自梁俏《宋代海外贸易特点及其评价》

材料二 　明朝初年，曾与朱元璋争夺政权的张士诚、方国珍之余部，入海为盗，且“每诱岛倭(指日本倭寇)入掠”。《皇明祖训》记载，朱元璋认为，日本、安南(今越南)、暹罗(今泰国)等15国，“限山隔水，僻在一隅，得其地不足以供给，得其民不足以使令”，朝廷“禁滨海民不得私出海”“禁海民私通海外诸国”。

                                     ——摘编自李金明《明代海外贸易史》

材料三 　租界内康庄如砥，车驰，房屋多西式，轩敞华丽，有高至六七层者，钟楼矗立，烟突如林，入夜则灯火辉煌，明如白昼。……中西邮局、海关、银行、领事馆、电报局、巡捕房、丝厂、船坞、轮船公司皆在焉。……沪地教堂林立，规模宏大……

                                                  ——李维清《上海乡土志》

   Science has told us so much about the moon that it is quite easy to form an idea of what it would be like to go there. It is certainly not a friendly place. As there is no air or water, there can be no life of any kind. Mile after mile there are only plains(平原) of dust with mountains around them. Above, the sun and stars shine in the black sky. If you step out of the mountains shadows, it will mean moving from terrible cold into great heat. The moon is also a very silent(安静的) world, for sound waves (声波)can only travel through air. But from the moon, you can see a friendly sight(景色). Our earth is shining more brightly than the stars. It looks like a large ball, coloured blue and green and brown.

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