在今日市场经济的环境中，诚信的缺失——以及随之而来的信任的缺失——已是一个公认的事实。

    其原因还得从我们自己身上寻找。现在有些人把诚信的缺失归咎于市场经济，这种认识水平比起严复来不知倒退了多少。

    其实，诚信的缺乏正表明中国的市场经济尚不够成熟，其规则和秩序未能建立健全并得到维护。而之所以如此，近因甚多也甚复杂，远因一定可以追溯到文化传统和国民素质。西方人文传统中有一个重要观念，便是人的尊严，其经典表达就是康德所说的“人是目的”。按照这个观念，每个人都是一个有尊严的精神性存在，不可被当作手段使用。一个人怀有这种做人的尊严感，与人打交道时就会有一种自尊的态度，仿佛如此说：这是我的真实想法，我愿意对它负责。这就是诚实和守信用。他也会这样去尊重他人，仿佛如此说：我要知道你的真实想法，并相信你会对它负责。这就是信任。可见诚信和信任是以彼此共有的人的尊严之意识为基础的。相比之下，中国儒家的文化传统中缺少人的尊严的观念，因而诚信和信任就缺乏深刻的精神基础。

    也许有人会说，“信”在儒家伦理中也占据着重要的位置。不错，孔子常常谈“信”，《论语》中论及诚实守信含义上的“信”就有十多处。但是，在儒家伦理系统中，“信”的基础不是人的尊严，而是封建等级秩序。所以，毫不奇怪，孔子常把“信”置于“忠”之后而连称“忠信”，例如“主忠信”“言忠信”“子以四教：文，行，忠，信”等。可见“信”是从属于“忠”的，诚实守信归根到底要服从权力上的尊卑和血缘上的亲疏。在道德实践中，儒家的“信”往往表现为所谓仗义。仗义和信任貌似相近，实则属于完全不同的道德谱系。信任是独立的个人之间的关系，一方面各人有自己的人格、价值观、生活方式、利益追求等，在这些方面彼此尊重，绝不要求一致，另一方面合作做事时都遵守规则。仗义却相反，一方面抹杀个性和个人利益，样样求同，不能容忍差异，另一方面共事时不讲规则。在中国的商场上，几个朋友合伙做生意，一开始因为哥们儿义气或因为面子而利益不分，规则不明，最后打得不可开交，终成仇人，这样的事例不知有多少。

    毫无疑问，要使诚信和信任方面的可悲现状真正改观，根本途径是发展市场经济，完善其规则和秩序。不过，基于上述认识，我认为同时很有必要认真检讨我们的文化传统，使国民素质逐步适应而不是严重阻碍这个市场经济健全化的过程。

（摘编自周国平《诚信、信任和人的尊严》）

下列词语中，划线字的注音有误的一项是（    ）

    When I recently revealed to my friends, colleagues, and family members that I would be moving my family to Israel, the reactions were numerous and varied. Some people said it was an expected thing while others asked: Why now? What will you do?

    For me, making the move to Israel is the fulfillment of a dream that has lasted for my 47 years of life. I have always known that Israel is my home. Over the years Israel has been in my heart, but I have found a number of reasons to put off making it my permanent residence: kids, the economy, education… you name an excuse, and at some point I have probably used it.

    Truthfully, I believe that I was always just a little bit scared. And of course I still am, with the fear factor that is reported by the press surrounding the Israeli military and economy. However, it has come to the point when I have realized that for over 2000 years we have longed for this land, and that for 47 years I have denied the opportunity to make it my home. I am finally ready to fully grasp this opportunity.

    Over the years, I have always loved visiting Israel. I have traveled there with my family, and enjoyed introducing thousands of travelers to the country. I have come to love all of these things about Israel as a tourist because I get to love my home. And as far as waiting for the “perfect” condition under which to make aliyah, I believe the time is now!

    I have been asked many times if I am nervous about moving to Israel. Before I answer, I remember that we have overcome the Greeks, the Romans, the Russian killings, Hitler and the Holocaust(大屠杀)，and the armies of seven countries.

    How can I not feel confident that I , and my family, will overcome any difficulties that may come our way? I am not worrying, complaining, crying, or fearing as I prepare to make aliyah. I am proud and excited to say that I am fulfilling a 47-year-old dream: I am going home.