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    Most young architects—particularly those in big cities—can only dream about working in a building of their own. And making that dream come true often means finding a building no one else seems to want, which is exactly what happened to David Yocum and his partner, Brian Bell. Their building is a former automobile electrical-parts firm in Atlanta. From the outside, it looks too old, even something horrible, but open the door and you are in a wide, open courtyard, lined on three sides with rusting walls.

    In 2000,Yocum and Bell found this building in the city's West End. Built in 1947, the structure had been abandoned years earlier and the roof of the main building had fallen down. But the price was right, so Yocum bought it. He spent eight months of his off-hours on demolition, pulling rubbish out through the roof, because it was too dangerous to go inside the building. The demolition was hard work, but it gave him time to think about what he wanted to do, and “to treasure what was there—the walls, the rust, the light,” Yocum said. “Every season, more paint falls off the walls and more rust develops. It's like an art installation(装置) in there—a slow-motion show.”

    Since the back building had been constructed without windows, an all-glass front was added to the building to give it a view of the courtyard, and skylights were installed in the roof. The back of the building is a working area and a living room for Yocum and his wife. A sort of buffer(缓冲) zone between the front and the back contains a bathroom, a kitchen and a mechanical room, and the walls that separate these zones have openings that allow views through to the front of the studio and the courtyard beyond.

    Yocum and Bell, who have just completed an art gallery for the city, feel that the experience from the decoration of their building, focusing on the inside rather than the outside, has influenced their work. It has also given these architects a chance to show how they can make more out of less.

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“知入”与“知出”

张运辅

       ①怎样读书才能取得效果?经验表明,处理好阅读中的“入”与“出”是关键所在。南宋学者陈善云:“读书须知出入法。见得亲切,此是入书法;用得透脱,此是出书法。”此论道出了读书的精髓。

       ②阅读中的“入”,是指对所读之书全身心融入,潜心对其进行研读与探索。就是读者通过文字去触摸作者的内心,与其进行心灵的对话。如此“入书”,方可“见得亲切”,实现双方心情的“契合”。

       ③在阅读中怎样“入”呢?一个方法是坚持“精思”。朱熹认为:“大抵观书先须熟读,使其言皆若出于吾之口。继以精思,使其意皆若出于吾之心,然后可以有得尔。”就是说阅读要慢嚼细咽,通过揣摩语言,达到把握文章内容、体悟作品意蕴与情趣之目的。

       ④在熟读基础上精思,确为“入书”之妙诀。苏轼读陶渊明《饮酒》诗后写道:“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”这两句时,发现“见”字能表达悠然自得之感。又想到在俗本中改为“望”,“望南山”就变为主动寻求,这不但破坏了全诗的意境,而且也与陶渊明的节操相悖。“望”与“见”虽一字之差,但意境全异。苏轼的体会,表明他对全诗意蕴和诗人的心境都有了深刻认识;这种认识若离开了对全诗全身心的“入”,离开反复思索,是无法达到的。

       ⑤阅读中的“出”,是指读者能站在更高层次,对所读之书做出分析判断,能从新的角度进行阐发、评价和质疑。哲学家叔本华就主张读书要与书本拉开距离,不要“入”书过度,要敢于并善于从书本中走出来。这样读书,方可避免“是别人在代替我们思想,我们只不过重复他的思想活动的过程而已”;方可在读后能解其意、识其旨、得其要,真正做到“用得透脱”。

       ⑥阅读,要“入”,也要“出”。“入”是“出”的基础,不“入”则无所谓“出”;“出”是“入”的目的,不能“出”就失去了阅读的价值与意义。既能 “入”又能“出”,才是阅读者必须掌握的秘诀。