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    A Chinese consortium(联盟)led by China Railway Corp will participate in bidding for a high-speed railroad linking Singapore and Malaysia in 2018, marking another step in China's ambitious strategy to export its high-speed railway technologies to Southeast Asia.

    The consortium, consisting of eight companies including CRRC, China Railway Construction Corporation Ltd, China Railway Signal and Communication Co and Export-Import Bank of China, covers the design, construction, telecommunication, financing, operating and maintenance(维护)sectors for the high-speed rail network.

    A joint tender(招标)for the Kuala Lumpur-Singapore high-speed rail project was issued by the Malaysian and Singaporean government-owned utilities(公用事业)—MyHSR Corp and SG HSR,on Dec 20.According to a joint statement released by the two companies, the potential bidder would be responsible for the design, construction, financing, operating and maintenance of rolling stock and railway systems for the double-track line with a designed speed of 350 kilometers per hour.

    The tender is open to all companies, regardless of their location. A tender briefing will be held in Kuala Lumpur on Jan 23, and proposals need to be submitted by June 29. Submissions will be evaluated based on technical merit(优点), commercial robustness, financial sustainability and price. The preferred bidder will be selected by the end of next year. The governments of both countries signed a bilateral(双边的)agreement late in 2016 to begin the project. According to the agreement, the high-speed rail link is expected to become operational by Dec 31, 2026, and will cut travel time between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore to just 90 minutes.

    “The move indicates that China's State-owned enterprises have stopped cruel competition to hurt each other,” said Du Chunbu, a professor of rail transportation at Beijing Jiaotong University. “Instead, they have started to form a consortium to better compete with companies from Japan, South Korea, Germany and Canada by bringing their specialties into play.”

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呦呦之蒿,中国神药

    ①“呦呦鹿鸣,食野之蒿”,这是《诗经》中的句子。在2015年10月5日之前,有谁能想到,这句诗竟能和诺贝尔奖联系起来——名字来自《诗经》的中国药物学家屠呦呦,因首次提取出治疗疟疾的“神药”青蒿素,而被国际学术界公认为“青蒿素之母”,也因此获得2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

    ②青蒿素所对抗的疟疾是地球上最古老的、死亡人数极高的疾病之一,是一种极为可怕的瘟疫。几千年来,人们深受其害却不知如何防治。自1878年发现其“真凶”--疟原虫开始,全世界的科学家就发起了寻找抗疟药的“攻坚战”。屠呦呦带领她的中草药抗疟研究小组,从古代医术《肘后备急方》中发现治疗疟疾的方法:”青蒿一握,以水二升渍,绞取汁,尽服之。”医术中所说的青蒿是一年生草本植物,采用乙醚提取的方法,经过190次的反复试验,终于在第191次提取出青蒿中的有效抗疟成分—青蒿素。

    ③青蒿素是一种味苦的无色针状晶体。进入人体后,它首先作用于疟原虫的细胞膜、线粒体、内质网、并对核内染色质产生一定影响,让疟原虫的细胞内迅速形成自噬泡,并将细胞液不断排出虫体外,是疟原虫损失大量细胞液而死亡。正是这一治疟原理,是青蒿素当之无愧地成为疟疾的“天然克星”。

    ④青蒿素治疗疟疾效果显著,是抵抗疟疾耐药性最好的药物。中国发现青蒿素时,美国也研制出一种抗疟新药—化学合成的甲氟喹,但疟原虫很快就适应了它,产生耐药性,临床使用后患者还出现了明显的不良反应。而对于青蒿素这种从中草药中提取的药物,疟原虫对它完全没有抵抗能力。1976年1月,柬埔寨爆发疟疾,因疟原虫已经产生耐药性,疫情一时难以控制。中国医疗队携带一批青蒿素在柬埔寨大显神威,挽救了一大批疟疾患者的生命。

    ⑤但青蒿素也有一定的局限和不足。提取青蒿素的原料贵且稀缺,近十几年来,科学家一直在研究人工合成青蒿素,但收效甚微。国内外许多著名化学公司也进行了长达30多年的化学合成研究,但回报率过低,目前难以形成产业化。

    ⑥中国传统中医药是一个伟大的宝库。青蒿素正是从这一宝库中发掘出来的“神药是我国传统中医药先给世界的礼物。未来,通过不断地深入研究,传统中医药一定会有更广阔的发展前景,更好地为人类造福。