阅读下列材料，回答问题。

材料一  自殷以前，天子、诸侯君臣之分未定也。……诸侯之于天子，犹后世诸侯之于盟主，未有君臣之分也。……逮克殷践奄，灭国数十，而新建之国皆其功臣、昆弟、甥舅，本周之臣子；而鲁、卫、晋、齐四国，又以王室至亲为东方大藩，……由是天子之尊，非复诸侯之长而为诸侯之君；……盖天子、诸侯君臣之分始定于此。此周初大一统之规模，实与其大居正之制度相待而成者也。

——王国维《殷周制度论》，《观堂集林》卷十二

材料二  秦初并天下……丞相(王)绾等言：“诸侯初破，燕、齐、荆地远，不为置王，毋以填(音镇)之。请立诸子，唯上幸许。”始皇下其议于群臣，群臣皆以为便。廷尉李斯议曰：“周文、武所封子弟同姓甚众，然后属疏远，相攻击如仇雠，诸侯更相诛伐，周天子弗能禁止。今海内赖陛下神灵一统，皆为郡县，诸子功臣以公赋税重赏赐之，甚足易制。天下无异意，则安宁之术也。置诸侯不便。”始皇日：“天下共苦战斗不休，以有侯王。赖宗庙，天下初定，又复立国，是树兵也，而求其宁息，岂不难哉！廷尉议是。”

——《史记·秦始皇本纪》

材料三  知封建之弊变而为郡县，则知郡县之弊而将复变。然则将复变而为封建乎？曰:不能。有圣人起，寓封建之意于郡县之中，而天下治矣……封建之失，其专在下；郡县之失，其专在上。

——顾炎武《顾亭林诗文集》，《郡县论·一》

阅读理解

C

    This month, Germany's transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver's role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.

    The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.

    Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel — to check email, say — the car's maker is responsible if there is a crash.

    “The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.

    Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.

    An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “ be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.

    But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say ‘driverless cars', people expect driverless cars.”Merat says. “You know — no driver.”

    Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.

    Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.

    That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.

如图所示：某实验小组的同学为了验证大棚蔬菜的生理活动，将A装置（内装籽粒饱满的辣椒种子）和B装置（辣椒幼苗）用透明玻璃管连接，请据图回答：