①到徐州见着父亲，看见满院狼藉的东西，不禁簌簌地流下眼泪。（朱自清《背影》）

②重要关隘所在，屯扎兵马之地，不能没有这一些。（余秋雨《阳关雪》）

③在湖中，昔日的liàn滟的绿波为坚冰所取代。（季羡林《幽径悲剧》）

④神木依然拔地参天，八面威风，雄据山间，无可匹敌，（吴功正《阿里山纪行》）

   “ Dreams may be more important than sleep. We all need to dream.” some scientists say. Dreams take up about one quarter of our sleeping time. People have several dreams each night.
     Dreams are like short films. They are usually in color. Some dreams are like old films. They come up over and over again. That may be the dreamer worrying about something. Dreaming may be a way of trying to find an answer.
     Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams. They may have been thinking about their work all day. These thoughts can carry over into dreams.
     Too much dreaming can be harmful. The more we sleep,the longer we dream. The mind is still at work when we dream. That is why we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired.

人们日常生活离不开金属，高科技新材料的开发和应用也需要金属．

（1）地壳中含量最高的金属元素是____ 

（2）锂电池是一种新型的高能电池，其质量轻，电容量大，颇受手机、手提电脑等制造商的青睐．某种锂电池的总反应式为Li+MnO₂=LiMnO₂，其中化合价发生变化的元素是____ ．

（3）根据如图金属应用实例推断，金属具有的物理性质有____ 

（4）日常使用的金属材料多数属于合金，如表列出了一些常见合金的主要成分和性能．由表推断，与组成合金的纯金属相比，合金的优点一般有（填序号）____ 　①强度更低；②硬度更高；③熔点更高；④抗腐蚀性更好．

（5）人们每年要从金属矿物资源中提取数以亿吨计的金属．根据所学化学知识，按要求写出一个生成金属的化学方程式：____ ．