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阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料:清朝前期与周边***街门,为办洋务及外交事务而特设的中央机构。构造了近代外交机构的雏形。

1877年,应英国要求和两国交往的需要,清政府在英国设立使馆,迈出了创建使领制度的第一步。郭嵩焘在屈辱中就任驻英国大使,揭开了近代中国向外遣使的序幕。

1901年,依据《辛丑条约》,清政府设立外务部。成为完全意义上名副其实的外交机构,中国外交走向正规。民国初年,政府按照西方模式对外交机构进行了组织现代化和人事专门化改革。外交机构近代化的使命完成。

——据《中国近代外交制度的转型》整理

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    England continues to be one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. London in particular is one of the most visited cities and draws people in with its appeal, history, and pubs. England's smaller cities, like Bath and Oxford, are equally as attractive with a lot of culture and fewer crowds. Liverpool, birthplace of The Beatles, has a rich musical history. The countryside has wonderful natural beauty. Here are some tips on traveling in England.

    Free museums—Public museums offer free admission in every city throughout England and the UK. It's a great way to learn about the country's most influential artists and history, and spend a rainy day without paying a cent.

    Book early—Book all transportation well in advance, even if you don't plan to use it. Fares can be around £2 with a little planning. The Megabus not only runs buses but also provides trains throughout England and is the best choice for cheap travel throughout the country.

    Pub food—Eating in England can be quite expensive, but for good cheap and filling meals, visit the local pubs, where you can get a good meal for less than £10. Besides, the pubs are a great way to meet people!

    Get a Taste of UK card—The Taste of the UK card offers up to 50% off at selected restaurants. You don't need to be an English to get the card, and you needn't pay the first month's membership fee, which is perfect for most travelers.

    Take a free walking tour—Many major cities in England offer free walking tours. They usually last a few hours and are a great way to see the city.