题干

处理好民族关系历来是各朝代政权实施治国理政,追求和维护国家统一的重要内容。阅读材料,回答问题:

材料一:在西北面,击退了游牧部落,为了防止他们卷土重来,还修筑了世界闻名的长城。为了完成这一巨大工程,耗去了大量生命,以致2000多年后的今天,人们仍要谈起这一事实:有100万人为建筑长城而死去,长城的每一块石头都值一条人命,老百姓都为筑长城的事咒骂皇帝。

材料二:孝文帝曰:“今欲断诸北语,一从正音。其年三十已上,习性已久,容或不可卒革。三十已下,见在朝廷之人,语音不听仍旧,若有故为,当加降黜,各宜深戒。”

——《资治通鉴》

材料三:自古皆贵中华,贱夷狄,朕独爱之如一,故其种落皆依朕如父母。

——唐太宗

材料四:在中央设立宣政院,执掌全国的佛教和藏族地区的政教事务,其地位与枢密院、御史台并列。

——人教版《中国历史》七年级下册教师教学用书

材料五:顺治帝赐予西藏佛教首领达赖五世“达赖喇嘛”的封号,康熙帝又赐予另一位佛教首领“班禅额尔德尼”的封号。1727年,清朝开始设立 ,作为中央政府的代表常驻西藏,同达赖、班禅共同管理西藏。

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    The next time you go grocery shopping, try speaking to other customers. One summer day, I took a smile and a warm heart into a small store in Oregon and got far more than groceries.

    I love fresh produce(农产品) in the store, and not just for the amazing colors provided by summer's bounty (慷慨) or the chance to joy over new choices from other countries. It's also because I just love watching people pick their produce.

    The day I was there I found a sale on amazing cherry tomatoes—along with a woman in her late 70s. Despite the fact that we were strangers, we began to discuss apples. She noted a problem with the Pink Ladies. "They tasted like I was eating an unripe green apple from the tree," she said, twisting her face as if still tasting the sour apple.

    I wondered if this is something most of my generation can even remember doing. I surely do. I mentioned that I often could not resist the green yet tempting fruit swinging from an apple tree. This was the start for a series of discussions as we shopped-covering such topics as nutrition, new foods and the quality of produce.

    By this time a third woman had joined in our conversation. The three of us continued along, unexpected friends, chatting about family size and the troubles a mom might have serving healthful foods that please the whole family.

    Eventually we all went our separate ways, but in the dairy(奶制品) section I heard a small voice say, "I finally caught up with you." It was the first woman I'd talked to, extending a bag of apricots(杏) to me. "I don't know if your family will eat these," she added, "but they have a super deal on them."

    Again I was brought back to my childhood, when I also ate apricots straight from the tree. My mouth watered at the remembered flavor.

    The old lady didn't realize that she'd given me far more than produce. With that offering came a sense of community, a flashback to days when it was OK to talk to a stranger. She brought back memories of summer fruits right from the tree—and a feeling that somehow those apricots were a thank-you for sharing my time with her in a very unlikely place.