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“以不变应万变”才是中医最大的特色与优势

张效霞

    ①2003初,SARS在广东首先爆发。广州中医药大学第一附属医院收治SARS患者60人,无一例死亡。全体医护人员中,无一人被感染。60例中没有使用过任何抗病毒西药,仅有4例用过常规量(50mg)以下的类固醇。全部治疗以中药为主,配合必要的西医对症、营养支持疗法。退热快、痊愈快、住院费用低。据中国科技信息研究所信息分析研究中心中医药课题组提交的《中医药完全能解决艾滋病问题——民间中医防治艾滋病调研报告》云:“中医药完全可以解决艾滋病问题,效果远远优于西医药;而且可以在3~6个月内使90%以上患者达到临床治愈,相当一部分患者痊愈。而西医药顶多能使40%患者临床治愈,不可能痊愈。”

    ②对SARS、艾滋病这些新近才出现的新病种,古老的中医之所以能取得“压倒对方的有利形势”,依靠的是其“独特的色彩、风格”——以人为本,通过调动和调节人机体自身的功能来祛除疾病,不伤害和破坏人体的生理结构。不论是病菌还是病毒,中医均认为是“邪”气,而人体主要靠的是正气来战胜病邪,也就是说调整好人的正气,同时给邪气以出路,就能战胜病邪,使患者得以康复。在西医面临抗生素研发困境的当下,中医的优势不言自喻。

    ③中医的这种“独特的色彩、风格”,一言以蔽之——以不变应万变也。运用中医理论对病人进行具体的个体化分析,因人、因时、因地制宜,研究和把握不同的疾病在不同个体、不同时间、不同环境下,发生、演变的客观规律,辨析出患者临诊时的病机之所在,然后据“机”立治法、选方药。这种带有明显的个体化、技艺化的临床决策思维特点,恰恰与现代医学临床决策思维高度的规范化、逻辑化形成强烈的反差,表现出独特的色彩、风格,并形成了自己鲜明的特色和优势。

    ④据报道,国家中医药管理局日前已决定立项启动“中医学的特色优势研究”课题,其中一个重要的内容是确定中医药优势病种。专家已达成的共识是:即西医尚无良好疗效,中医药能够发挥独特效果的治疗领域;西医有确切疗效,但中医药具有独立的临床疗效或中西医结合疗效高于单纯西医药的病种;中医与西医有相同的疗效,但中医药毒副作用小的病种。对于这种做法,名老中医邓铁涛教授早在2002年就一针见血地指出:“是一篇预先为中医准备好的祭文……难道几千年不断发展的中医药学就只剩下文中所说的那点优势吗?!”

    ⑤对在现代医学的挤压下,已沦落为“边缘医学”、“替代疗法”的中医来说,千万不要再“朝立一旨,暮即成宗”了,因为已处于“即将消亡的边沿,新的突破的前夜”的中医,再也经不起任何折腾了。

【注】①张效霞,副教授,医学博士,现任中华医学会医史分会常务委员,中华中医药学会中医药文化分会委员。本文为其在一次学术报告会上发言的节选,有删节。

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    At thirteen, I was diagnosed(诊断) with kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, I could not.

    In my first literature class, Mrs. Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it, all within 45 minutes. I raised my hand right away and said, “Mrs. Smith, you see, the doctor said I have attention problems. I might not be able to do it.”

    She glanced down at me through her glasses, “You are not different from your classmates, young man.”

    I tried, but I didn't finish the reading when the bell rang. I had to take it home. In the quietness of my bedroom, the story suddenly all became clear to me. It was about a blind person, Louis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education. But Louis didn't give up. Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots(点), which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.

    Wasn't I the “blind” in my class, being made to learn like the “sighted” students? My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance. I completed the task within 40 minutes. Indeed, I was no different from others; I just needed a quieter place. If Louis could find his way out of his problems, why should I ever give up?

    I didn't expect anything when I handled in my paper to Mrs. Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day- with an “A” on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words: “See what you can do when you keep trying?”