题干

百步亭社区是“全国和谐社区建设示范社区”,其成功的经验主要有创新社区党建模式和开展丰富多彩的社区志愿服务。

材料一:百步亭社区创新党建模式做法主要是,着力建设一支思想政治素质强、群众工作能力强的社区骨干队伍。健全社区党委领导下的各类党组织,优化组织设置。创新管理模式,在社区党委的统一领导下,社区居委会、物业公司、业主委员会三方联动,整合资源,形成合力,为居民群众提供全方位、全天候、全过程服务。做到居民有突发事件必到、有不满情绪必到、有家庭纠纷必到。做到困难家庭必访,住院病人必访,下岗失业人员必访,劳教释放人员必访,孤寡老人必访。完善社区居民自治,多种渠道提议题,多方恳谈出主意,议事组织拟方案,张榜公示开言路,专家审查定公约,居民表决说了算。开展民俗节庆活动,群众健身活动,道德论坛活动,文明创建活动,亭台文化活动。

材料二:社区现有居民13万人,其中注册志愿者有4万多人,占全部居民的31%。社区按照区域管理划分网格,依托网格内的党组织和居民自治组织,建立志愿服务组织,使志愿服务工作有组织保障。百步亭社区有15个党支部和8个居委会,在每个网格的居民楼栋、文化活动队伍、驻区单位建立志愿服务组织,形成了横到边、纵到底的志愿服务网络。把志愿服务做到基层、做到社区、做进家庭。创设志愿者服务银行鼓励志愿服务,使志愿服务在全社会蔚然成风。

百步亭社区志愿服务已经成为了居民的一种生活习惯。在社区志愿者的共同努力下,“事有人管、难有人帮、苦有人问”。社区党员干部以身作则,吸引更多人参与到志愿服务中来,提升社区志愿服务水平。

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    The uninvolved dad, turning up his nose at diapering(换尿布) and too busy to bathe, dress and play with his kids, is mostly a myth(神话) , a big government survey suggests. Most American fathers say they are heavily involved in hands-on parenting, the researchers found.

    The results are encouraging and important " because others have found the more involved dads  are, the better the outcomes for their children. " said researcher Jo Jones of the National Center for Health Statistics, part of the Centers for Disease Control Prevention. She co-authored the report released Friday.

    "Times have changed," said Robert Loftus, 34, of Yonkers, NY. He quit a six-figure sales job a year ago to care for his two young children while his wife works full time. "We are trying to rethink our priorities (优先考虑的事) and family seem to be NO.1 priority while in the past maybe people were more focused on career. "

    The study involved nearly 4.000 fathers who were interviewed in person between 2009 and 2013.

◇ Key findings among fathers living with children younger than 5 :

*9 in 10 bathed, diapered, helped them use the toilet or get dressed at least several times weekly .

* Even higher numbers played with them and ate meals with them that often

* Almost 2 0ut of 3 read to them at least several times weekly.

◇Among dads living with kids aged 5-18.

* More than 9 0ut of 10 ate meals with them at least several times weekly and talked with them about what happened during the kids' day that often.

* Almost 2 0ut of 3 helped with homework several times weekly.

* About half took their kids to or from activities that often.

    Dr. David Hill, a Wilmington, N. C. pediatrician (儿科医生) said the survey reflects what he's seen among his patients' fathers. Increasingly, fathers rather than mothers take their kids to the doctor. Some "are anxious about changing a diaper, " he said.

    Census(调查) numbers show that there were almost 190,000 stay-at-home dads nationwide last year versus 93,000 in 2010. Loftus, the New York stay-at-home dad, said, "I feel fortunate to be able to be such a hands-on father.  I'm doing the most significant occupation in the world. "

同类题4

我国建造世界上第一个全超导大型非园托卡马克HT﹣7U,成为国际最先进的磁约束聚变装置.托卡马克装置的主体包括两大部分,就是磁场系统和真空系统.磁场系统包括纵场线圈和加热场的变压器.纵场线圈用来产生强大的纵向磁场,变压器用来感应产生等离子体电流.真空室一般由薄壁不锈钢制成,既要考虑到足够的机械强度,又要有足够的电阻值,还必须留有绝缘缝隙,保证磁场的渗透.抽气系统一般采用大抽速的涡轮分子泵,将真空室抽成10﹣6Pa以上的超高真空,满足等离子体对纯净环境的要求.聚变的第一步是要使燃料处于等离子体态,也即进入物质第四态.等离子体是一种充分电离的、整体呈电中性的气体.在等离子体中,由于高温,电子已获得足够的能量摆脱原子核的束缚,原子核完全裸露,为核子的碰撞准备了条件.当等离子体的温度达到几千万度甚至几亿度时,原子核就可以克服斥力聚合在一起,如果同时还有足够的密度和足够长的热能约束时间,这种聚变反应就可以稳定地持续进行.等离子体的温度、密度和热能约束时间三者乘积称为“聚变三重积”,当它达到1022时,聚变反应输出的功率等于为驱动聚变反应而输入的功率,必须超过这一基本值,聚变反应才能自持进行.

问题1:什么是轻核聚变反应?需要什么条件?为什么要在如此苛刻的条件下进行?

问题2:用普通容器能否承装反应原料?用什么技术性措施能解决该问题?

问题3:如何产生如此强大的磁场?什么叫低温超导现象?该现象是否遵循欧姆定律?超导现象在什么条件下才能实现?

问题4:为什么在托卡马克中设置真空室?核聚变过程中能量是如何转化的?

问题5:核聚变反应需要什么条件才能自持进行?如果等离子体密度大约为1.02×10﹣6kg/m3,温度为1.16×108℃热能约束时间需达到多少时核聚变才能自持进行?