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    Every year, the ancient Town of Fenghuang,____of China's most well-known ancient towns, is visited by a large number of people from all over the world.____ (fortunate), it was under water as heavy rain hit the centre of the country,____tens of thousands of people leaving from the area. Heavy rain and floods lasted for the past few days. Waters in the nearby river called the Tuojiang River rose by almost one meter above warning level,____ (cause) heavy rainstorms. More than 120,000 local people and tourists have been helped to leave there because of the terrible disaster. And more than 4,000 shops in the town____(shut). Several bridges on the Tuojiang River have been damaged or destroyed. Water has flowed into many bars, restaurants and hotels in its ancient town, and electricity in the ancient town has been cut off.____the heavy rains have stopped, the popular tourist spot remains closed for local people's ____(safe).

    ____ shoe shop owner named Kuang said the flood was the____(bad) the town had experienced. They could only live in an old factory____many homeless people had to stay together.

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阅读《“望梅”能否止渴》一文,完成下列各题。

    ①口渴是人体一种独特的保护机制,它可使人体免于脱水,当体内水分一旦恢复平衡,这种“保护性”的感觉即随之消失。望梅止渴则是中国流传了两千多年的典故,《世说新语》中记载曹操告诉饥渴的士兵“前有梅林”,使“士卒闻之,口皆出水”,最终坚持走到水源处。只是“望梅”真的能止渴吗?

    ②实际上,“渴”是一种极其复杂的生理现象。科学家通过实验发现,改变体液的容量、浓度会影响“渴”的程度。例如,增加食盐(氯化钠)的摄入量,会增加机体细胞外液中溶质的浓度,就会感到口渴。这是因为溶质具有渗透压,会导致细胞脱水。大脑的某个部位感觉到这种脱水,人就会产生渴感,而喝水后,体液得到稀释,渴感就诮失了。

    ③另外,人体血量的变化对渴感也有影响。有研究显示,血量变化10%时就可以刺激渴感。这也是为什么人受伤后,如果失血过多,就会感到口渴,而喝水补充血量,渴感就能被抑制的原因。

    ④那么新的问题来了,大脑又是如何感知渴觉呢?时至今日,这仍是一个科学家们不能完全解答的问题。

    ⑤为了弄清楚这个问题,近日美国的一个研究小组设计了一套实验装置。这个装置能够对小鼠血液、大脑神经元活动、环境温度以及进食饮水状况进行实时监测。他们发现小鼠脑内穹窿下器中存在着一套能预测口渴并调节体液不平衡的神经元群。

    ⑥美国加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校的扎卡里·奈德及同事报告称,这些神经元不仅可以监控血液的变化,还能在进食和饮水时监控来自口腔的信号,这些信号包含摄取食物与饮水的温度信息等。这些神经元将来自口腔的信息与血液成分信息结合,实时“预测”正在摄取的食物和饮水将如何影响体液平衡,从而对饮水行为进行调节。

    ⑦研究者们表示,这个发现有助于解释为什么吃得太快会让我们感觉口渴,以及冷饮为何特别解渴等问题。

    ⑧总而言之,“渴”能告诉人们什么时候需要饮水,需要的水量是多少。如果“渴”的时候不喝水,血液和体液的成分得不到调节,身体所需要的水分不能得到满足,“渴”是不会被真正缓解的。从这个角度来说,“望梅”是不能止渴的。