光污染：美丽外衣下的环境杀手

    ①“昼短苦夜长，何不秉烛游。”自古以来，人们就向往光明，希望以灯光扫去夜晚的寂寞，延长白天的喧闹。现代社会，光照的不合理使用带来了一种可怕的灾难——光污染。在日常生活中，我们常见的因人为因素造成的光污染主要有：

    ②建筑物外墙反射的眩光造成的白亮污染。当太阳光照射强烈时，城市里建筑物的玻璃幕墙、釉面砖墙、磨光大理石等装饰反射光线，明晃白亮、眩眼夺目。据光学专家研究，镜面建筑物玻璃的反射光比阳光照射更强烈，其反射率高达82％～90％。夏天，玻璃幕墙强烈的反射光进入附近居民楼房内，可使室温平均升高4℃～6℃，影响正常的生活。有些玻璃幕墙是半圆形的，反射光汇聚还容易引起火灾。此外，烈日下驾车行驶的司机会遭到玻璃幕墙反射光的突然袭击，眼睛受到强烈刺激，因此很容易诱发车祸。

    ③亮度过大的夜景照明造成的白昼污染。夜幕降临后，商场、酒店的广告灯、霓虹灯令人眼花缭乱。有些强光束甚至直冲云霄，使得夜晚如同白天一样，即所谓人工白昼。在这样的“不夜城”里，夜晚难以入睡，人体正常的生物钟被扰乱，导致白天工作效率低下。人工白昼会严重危害动植物的正常生长，夜间过亮的室外照明，会使不少的益虫和益鸟直接扑向灯光而丧命。比如德国法兰克福游乐场的霓虹灯每晚要烤死数万只有益昆虫。如果一个城市，特别是不夜城，拥有数万甚至数十万只或组室外照明灯，长此下去，该地区生态平衡必将受到严重破坏。

    ④另外，娱乐场所的多种光源造成的彩光污染，不仅对眼睛不利，而且干扰大脑中枢神经，使人出现头晕、恶心、呕吐、失眠等症状。最新研究表明，这种污染不仅影响人的生理功能，还会影响心理健康。

    ⑤其实，玻璃幕墙本身也很容易被污染，尤其在大气含尘量较多、空气污染严重、干旱少雨的北方地区，玻璃幕墙更易蒙尘纳垢，这对城市景观而言，非但不能增“光”，反而丢“脸”。

    ⑥光污染虽然危害很大，但只要采取适当措施还是可以预防的。我们要从城市规划、环境设计、建筑材料等方面综合解决这个问题。

（选自《中国国家地理》杂志，有删改）

    With the development of our society, cell phones have become a common part in our lives. Have you ever run into a careless cell phone user on the street? Maybe they were busy talking, texting or checking updates on We Chat without looking at what was going on around them. As the number of this new “species” of human has kept rising, they have been given a new name-phubbers (低头族).

    Recently a cartoon created by students from China Central Academy of Fine Arts put this group of people under the spotlight. In the short film, phubbers with various social identities (身份) bury themselves in their phones. A doctor plays with his cell phone while letting his patient die, a pretty woman takes a selfie (自拍) in front of a car accident site, and a father loses his child without knowing about it while using his mobile phone. A chain of similar events finally leads to the destruction of the world.

    Although the ending of the film sounds unrealistic, the damage phubbing can bring is real. Your health is the first to bear the effect and result of it. “Always bending your head to check your cell phone could damage your neck,” Guangming Daily quoted doctors' words. “The neck is like a rope that breaks after long-term stretching.” Also, staring at cell phones for a long time will damage your eyesight gradually, according to the report.

    But that's not all. Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family. When getting together with family or friends, many people prefer to play their cell phones while others are chatting happily with each other and this creates a strange atmosphere, Qilu Evening News reported.

    It can also cost your life. There have been lots of reports on phubbers who fell to their death, suffered accidents, and were robbed of their cell phones in broad daylight.

近年来，我国的端午节、重阳节被许多年轻人忽视、淡忘．相反，情人节、圣诞节却十分流行。这说明年轻人善于接受外来文化，值得提倡。（  ）

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