题干

                                                                                         Saying no starts small
   “All right then — just one more piece...” Words every girl has said when they are faced with the delicious cheesecake. Of course, many of us know we may eat the whole thing in the end.
    It isn't just girls. Most of us find it hard to say “no” to something attractive. However, scientists now say that willpower is very important to success and a happy life.
    Scientists in different countries have been studying the effects of willpower on people's lives for a long time. The results are similar, according to an article on February 7 in the Guardian, a famous British newspaper.
    In one experiment, scientists told young children that they could either have a marshmallow (圆形软糖) now, or two marshmallows in 15 minutes. Waiting obviously needed more willpower. Scientists then continued studying the children as they grew up. They wanted to see if some children always had stronger willpower. They also wanted to see how having stronger willpower affected their lives.
    Years later, scientists found that the children who had waited for two marshmallows were all healthier, happier and richer adults. Oppositely, the children who had shown weaker willpower at that young age were more likely to be in low-paid jobs, to be overweight, to have social problems.
    But there is hope, Roy F Baumeister, an American social psychology(心理学) professor (教授) told the Guardian. Baumeister says we can train our willpower just like we train our muscles(肌肉). Even a little practice can strengthen(加强) our overall self-control if we do it regularly.
You could start by making yourself stand up straight, speaking in complete sentences, or using a computer mouse with the other hand. Scientists have found that people who manage to change little habits often perform much better in laboratory willpower tests.
    Like muscles, willpower can “get tired”. Don't try to do too many things at the same time, or when you don't have enough energy, for example when you are ill. If you already feel tired, you can try to recharge(恢复) your willpower with a good night's sleep and by eating well.

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    李台州名宗质,字某,北人,不知何郡邑。母展,妾也,生宗质而罹靖康之乱,母子相失,宗质以父荫,既长,仕所至必求母,不得,姻家司马季思官蜀,宗质曰:“吾求母,东南无之,必也蜀乎?”从之西,舟所经过州,若县若村市,必登岸,遍其地大声号呼,曰展婆,展婆。至暮,哭而归,不食,司马家人哀之,必宽譬之,乃饮泣强食,季思秩满东下,所经复然,竟不得。至荆州,复然。日旦夕号呼,嗌痛气惫,小憩于茗肆,垂涕。

    坐顷之,一乞媪至前,揖曰:“官人与我一文两文。”宗质起揖之坐,礼以客主,既饮茗,问其里若姓。媪勃然怒曰:“官人能与我几钱,何遽问我姓名?我非乞人也。”宗质起敬,谢曰:“某皇恐,上忤阿婆,愿霁怒,试言之,何害?恐或乡邻或亲族也,某倒囊钱为阿婆寿。”媪喜曰:“老婆姓异甚,不可言。”宗质力恳请,忽曰:我姓展。宗质瞿然起,抱之,大哭曰:“夫人,吾母也。”媪曰:“官人勿误,吾儿有验,右腋有紫痣,其大如杯。”宗质拜曰:“然。”右袒示之,于是母子相持而哭,观者数十百人,皆叹息涕下。

    宗质负其母以归,季思与家人子亦泣,自是奉板舆孝养者十余年,母以高年终,宗质亦白首矣。

    宗质乾道庚寅为洪倅,时予为奉新县令,屡谒之,不知其母子间也。明年,予官中都,宗质造朝,除知台州。朝士云:“李台州,曾觌姻家也,觌无子,子台州之子。” 予一见不敢再也,亦未知其孝。

    后十七年,台州既没,予与丞相京公同为宰掾,谈间,公为予言李台州母子事,予生八年,丧先太夫人,终身饮恨。闻之,泣不能止,感而为之传。赞曰:孔子曰:“孝悌之至通于神明。”若李台州,生而不知失母,壮而知求母,求母而不得,不得而不懈,遍天下之半,老而乃得之。昔东坡先生颂朱寿昌,至今咏歌以为美谈。若李台州,其事与寿昌岂异也,兹不谓之至孝通于神明乎?非至孝奚而通神明,非通神明奚而得母?予每为士大夫言之,闻者必泣。人谁无母?有母谁无是心哉?

    彼有未尝失母而有母不待求母而母存或忽而不敬或悖而不爱者独何心

(选自《杨万里集笺校》)