题干

阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料一:中国传统户籍制度源远流长,发展于春秋,定型于秦汉,以后各朝各代历经变化。传统户籍制度是与中国王朝体制相联系的一项基本制度。这种以家庭为本位的人口管理方式,体现了维护社会治安、教化乡里、规定身份等级、稳定宗族组织、限制人口自由迁徙等诸项社会整合功能。科举考试也往往与户籍联系在一起,考生必须要有籍贯,这是参加科举考试的首要条件。在唐代初期,士人是由户籍所在地举送。宋朝时期,政府有明确的规定,士子只能在本籍应试。此后,科举制与户籍制度的结合渐趋加强,清朝更是按省划分科举名额,并为官籍、商籍等设立科举名额,创立宗室科举制度。为了贯彻分省取士制度,清政府还要求严查考生的户籍。

——摘编自李文芝《明清科举冒籍研究》等

材料二:进入20世纪以来,户籍制度及其功能发生重大变化。清政府在参考日本和欧美等国的户籍法规的基础上,于1911年初制定了第一部现代法律意义的《户籍法》。这是中国历史上第一次用世界通行的户口登记与管理方式来规范的户籍法律,其将“人籍”(注:人籍记载出生、成婚、死亡等有关人之身份的事项)与“户籍”(注:户籍记载入籍、除籍等户口变动的事项)分立。1912年《临时约法》明确规定“人民有居住迁徙之自由”,此条文为民国时期历次宪法所承袭。1915—1927北洋政府相继颁布了《县治户口编查规则》、《警察厅户口调查规则》等户籍管理法规。清末民初制定的户籍法律,将表现欧关个人主义的个人身份证书和体现中国家族主义的传统户籍相结合,使户籍有了传递人口信息、个人私权保障功能,不再单纯是国家管制工具;还规定民众对户籍吏处置不当行为有诉讼抗告权利,民众不再只是义务载体。新的户籍法律解脱了过去的人身束缚,促进了社会的流动,大批农民来到城市,成为了第一批城市化的新市民。

——摘编自王海光《中国户籍制度现代化演进路径的历史考察》

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同类题3

阅读下面会材料,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

    I graduated from college recently and moved to Washington by myself. While I was in college, it was really easy to meet new people. But "out in the real world", I was finding it really hard. I live in a big city, and it seems like everyone around me is busy or already has all the friends they want. I was feeling so discouraged(沮丧的)and I didn't know what to do, so I called my sister for some advice.

    My sister is five years older than I am, so she's been through all this already. She's been helping me with my problems all my life. When I explained my problem, she understood completely. She said, "Why don't you try meeting people online?"

    "Online? Are you kidding?" I asked. "A friend of mine chatted with a guy online, and when she finally met him face to face, he was nothing like what he said."

    My sister laughed. "You don't have to look for dates online," she said. "But you can find other people like you—people who have just moved to town and want to make some new friends. When I first moved to New York after college, I found a book club and a football team online. I met a lot of people that way."

    "But you don't even like football!" I said.

    "I know," she replied. "But that didn't matter. I still had a lot of fun. You played volleyball in college. Why don't you look for a volleyball team to join? Or an art class?"

    "Yeah! I saw a website about volunteering the other day." I said. "I could volunteer for an organization here in Washington. I bet I could meet a lot of really nice people that way."

    "Good idea!" my sister answered excitedly. "Hey, you might even meet the perfect guy."

    "OK, now you're starting to sound like Mom," I said. "Thanks a lot for the advice. I'm going online right now. I'll let you know what happens. Will you be home tonight?"

    "No, but I'll be here all day tomorrow, so give me a call," my sister replied. "Good luck!"