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唐宋大诗人诗中的物候

竺可桢  宛敏渭

    唐宋许多大诗人,善于       鸟语花香的暗示,把大自然的变化写进诗篇。其中许多诗句,经过千百年的        ,仍然具有旺盛的生命力,至今还脍炙人口。明末的学者黄宗羲说:“月、露、风、云、花、鸟之在天地间,俄顷灭没,而诗人能结之不散。常人未尝不有月、露、风、云、花、鸟之咏,非其性情,极雕绘而不能亲也。”这就是说,只有对大自然        很深的人,才能领悟它的语言,和它亲密对话。

    唐白居易十五岁时,曾经写过一首《赋得古原草送别》:“离离原上草,一岁一枯荣。野火烧不尽,春风吹又生……”从物候学角度来说,这首在当年就很轰动的诗,表现了两个重要规律:第一,草木的茂盛和凋谢,有一年一度的循环的规律;第二,这循环是随气候转化的,春风一到,头年枯黄的草木就苏醒了。

    春天来,临的信息是什么呢?从许多唐、宋人的诗中可以找到答案。李白诗日:“东风已绿瀛州草,紫殿红楼觉春好。”王安石晚年住在江宁,有句诗云:“春风又绿江南岸,明月何时照我还?”宋洪迈《荣斋随笔》中指出:这首诗原作“春风又到江南岸”,几经推敲,改了几次才定了“绿”字。李白、王安石他们在诗中用“绿”字来象征春天的到来,这是符合物候学的规律的。王安石这句诗还能说明物候是有区域性的。若把它改成“春风又绿河南岸”,就很不恰当了。因为在大河以南开封、洛阳一带,春风挟带黄沙比吹绿草叶更有代表性,所以,李白《扶风豪士歌》中,有“洛阳三月飞胡沙”之句。虽此句中“胡沙”是暗指安史之乱,但河南春天风沙很大也是事实。

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    As I held my father's hands one night, I couldn't help but notice their calluses (老茧) and roughness. His hands tell the story of his life as a1, including all his struggles.

    One summer, I remember, a drought (旱灾) hit Ontario, turning it into a 2desert. On one of those hot mornings I was picking sweet com with my dad to fill the last3from the grocery store. Fifty dozen was all we needed, which4took twenty minutes. That morning, however, the process didn't 5quickly. After forty minutes of aimlessly walking in the field, we6 needed twenty dozen. I was completely frustrated (挫败的) and7. Dropping the basket heavily, I declared, “If the store wants its last twenty dozen, they can pick it themselves”. Dad8. “Just think, my little girl, only ten dozen left for each of us and then we're9.” Such is Dad----whatever problem he 10 he never gives up.

    11  the bad effects of the drought were felt all over our county. It was a challenging time for everyone,12Dad remained optimistic (乐观的). He 13to be grateful for other things like good health and food on our plates. Only then did I truly begin to 14Dad and his faith that guided us through the hard times.

    Dad is also a living example of real 15  From dawn to dusk, he works countless hours to 16our family. He always puts our happiness 17his own and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games 18his tiredness after long days. His loving and selfless nature has encouraged me to become more sympathetic (有同情心的) and19, putting others first.

    Dad, the life 20I have learned from you will stay with me forever. You are my father, teacher, friend and, most importantly, my hero.