题干

阅读材料,完成下列各题。
材料一18世纪中叶起,英国从私人圈地进入国会圈地时期……1760年开始的乔治三世 在位时期,国会颁布圈地法令达3 000个以上,从1760年到1815年共圈占农民土地600多万英亩。十八世纪上半期,工业革命在英国展开,从1801年到1851年,英国各行业就业人数占总就业人数的比例发生巨大变化,1801年,农业人口占39%、工业人口占3l%、服务业人口占35%,到1851年,农业、工业、服务业人口分别占25%、45%、39%。
材料二 没有什么在表达工业时代的恶果时比罗伯特·杜瓦斯诺摄于1956年的《断掌工业》相片更令人震惊的了。早期的工业社会已变成疯狂的食人机器,浓烟蔽日的工厂和血淋淋的断指,是对19世纪兴起的所谓“人类的进步”最为直接的控拆。
(1)根据材料一并结合所学知识,指出1801~1851年英国各行业就业人数的变化趋势,简要说明造成上述变化的主要原因。
(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识,简要地评价两次工业革命的共同历史影响。

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

(1)变化趋势:英国农业就业人数逐步下降并大大低于工业、服务业就业人数。
主要原因:工业革命的推动;圈地运动的影响。
(2)评价:促进了资本主义世界市场的形成,推动了人类文明的进步;但也带来环境破坏、工人权益受损等社会问题。

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    The technique can lead to new ways to produce medicines, the researchers from the universities of Istanbul and Hawaii hope.

    As part of an effort to improve treatments for life-threatening illnesses, a team of scientists have created rabbits that glow(发光) in the dark.

    Their efforts produced two rabbits out of a litter of eight that went from being a normal, fluffy white to glowing green in the dark. The rabbits were born at the University of Istanbul as part of a collaboration(合作) between scientists from universities in Turkey and Hawaii.

    The rabbits glow to show that a genetic manipulation technique can work efficiently, though the specific color is more cosmetic than scientific. "The green is not important at all – it's just a marker to show the experiment can be done successfully," said University of Hawaii associate professor Stefan Moisyadi.

    To produce the glowing effect, researchers injected jellyfish DNA into a mother rabbit's embryos. Those altered embryos(胚胎). Those altered embryos were then inserted back into the mother. Similar experiments have resulted in glowing cockroaches and cats.

    Eventually, the researchers hope the technique can lead to new ways to produce medicines, Moisyadi said. “The final goal is to develop animals that act as barrier reactive to produce beneficial molecules in their milk that can be cheaply extracted, especially in countries that can't afford big pharma plants that make drugs, that usually cost $1bn to build, and be able to produce their own protein-based medication in animals," Moisyadi said.

    The rabbits are expected to have the same life span as their non-glowing counterparts(副本), but Moisyadi said he understands people can object to this kind of experimentation involving live animals.

    "To the people against, I say: think about, what are the benefits and what are the injuries?" Moisyadi said. "And if the benefits outweigh the injuries, let's go with the benefits."

    Moisyadi, a native of Turkey who is now with the University of Hawaii, started developing the project in 2006, and researchers are now waiting to see if pregnant sheep produce similar results.