这个创造性的设计，_____节约了石料，减轻了桥身的重量，______在河水暴涨的时候，______可以增加桥洞的过水量，减轻水对桥身的冲击。

古代所说的“四书”是____、____、《论语》、《孟子》。

      Years ago, I lived in a building in a town. There was another building across from mine, and it was only a few metres away. There lived a woman whom I had never met. I could see her sit by the window each afternoon, drinking or reading.
     Several months later, I noticed her window was very dirty. Everything was not clear through the window. I wondered why the woman didn't wash her window.
      One sunny morning, I decided to clean up my apartment, including washing my windows. Late in the afternoon when I finished the cleaning, I sat down for a rest by the window. What a surprise! The woman sitting by her window was clearly seen! Her window was clean! Suddenly, I realized I had made a mistake. I was watching her through my dirty window all the time!
     That was quite an important lesson for me. Since then, whenever I wanted to judge （判断） someone, I asked myself first, "Am I looking at him through the dirty window of my heart? ”Then I try to clean the window of my own world so that I may see the world clearly.

（1）环顾你家里的日常生活用品，如锅、壶、刀、水龙头等，它们都是由金属材料制成的．请根据所学化学知识，写出两个生成金属的化学方程式：

① ____；②  ____．

（2）2008年奥运会主运动场“鸟巢”使用了大量的钢铁．在钢铁表面涂油、刷漆等，都能防治钢铁生锈．钢铁锈蚀的过程，实际上是铁与空气中

 ____、 ____接触反应的过程．