题干

(历史上重大改革回眸)

材料一:中国古代法制以“礼法合一”为主要特征,礼教所倡导的价值观在法的规范中得到体现,“依法断案”也是“合礼裁判”。司法裁判因人而异,皇亲国戚、贵族官僚等都不按法定程序与刑罚审判,有时还享有减免刑罚的优待。古代司法更重视口供,以口供作为定案的主要根据,由此导致刑讯逼供。刑部等司法机构通常受制于中央行政中枢,地方司法权一般由地方行政官员掌握。

——摘编自王继尧《论中国古代司法制度的演变及特点》

材料二:1840年以后,西方列强借口中国司法制度过于野蛮残酷,强迫清政府承认外国的领事裁判权。1906年秋,清廷设立专司审判的大理院,启动了行政、司法分立的进程。袁世凯在天津府试办新式审判厅,后来各省城、商埠都设立各级新式审判机构。新式审判机构的审判员,须经历较长时间的专业学习,考试选拔合格,并经过试用期历练,才能成为正式的审判员。当时有洋商因为审判厅判决公正,不经领事直接到审判厅起诉立案。《大清刑事民事诉讼法》草案等法律的通过,在中国历史上第一次规定了辩护与律师制度,被告人有权对所受指控进行辩护,并可随时自己选任或由法定代理人为其选任辩护人。

——摘编自春杨《论清末中国司法体制的转型及其历史启示》

上一题 下一题 0.0难度 选择题 更新时间:2015-10-28 06:16:09

答案(点此获取答案解析)

同类题5

阅读理解

    Chinese students always complain that they're under great pressure and don't get enough sleep. But they may be surprised to learn that they're much luckier than their peers (同龄人) in South Korea and Japan, according to a recently published report, conducted by Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences on the physical and mental health of senior high school students in the three Asian countries.

    According to the study among nearly 6,000 high school students in the three countries, Chinese students are the tallest but poorest in physical fitness. Chinese students are on average 168.17cm, compared with 167.61cm for South Korean students and 164.70cm for Japanese students. Chinese students asked for sick leave more than students in other countries. About 72 percent of Korean students never asked for sick and injury leave during high school, compared to 53 percent for Japanese students and 45 percent for Chinese students. Moreover, Chinese students drink alcohol and smoke earlier than Korean and Japanese students. Around 70 percent of Chinese students have drunk alcohol, compared to 50 percent for Korean and Japanese students.

    According to the survey, Japanese and South Korean students suffer more pressure than their Chinese peers. Statistics (统计) show 16 percent of students in China said they experienced mental pressure often over the past year, while the numbers in Japan and South Korea were 33 percent and 47 percent respectively. Their worries come from “study”, “future after graduation”, “friendships” and “relationship with their parents”. To go with stress, 57.9 percent of Korean students sleep the least, less than six hours a day, compared with 46.6 percent of Japanese students and 30 percent of Chinese students.

    More Chinese students were satisfied with their physical appearance, double that of students in the survey from Japan and South Korea. The report said that over half of students in South Korea had tried to lose weight in the past year, while in China the figure was only 22 percent.

    In measures of self-worth, such as “I think I am valuable” and “I think I am successful”, “I can complete many things”, “I won't give up to failure,” Chinese students showed greater self-confidence than students in Japan and South Korea.