题干

煤、石油和天然气是常见的三种化石燃料,它们属于不可再生能源。随着科学技术的发展以及生产和生活需求的增加,人们正在利用和开发其他新能源。
(1)石油经过加热分馏,得到石油气、汽油、煤油、柴油、润滑油、石蜡等产品,该过程属于____变化(选填“物理”或“化学”,下同);将煤隔绝空气加热到上千摄氏度,得到焦炉煤气、粗氨水、焦炭和煤焦油,该过程属于____变化。
(2)相同条件下,气体体积比等于分子数比。现有一套以液化石油气(主要成分为C4H10)为燃料的灶具,若要改为以天然气为燃料的灶具,应采取的措施是____(选填字母)。
A.燃料气和空气的进入量都减小B.燃料气和空气的进入量都增大
C.增大燃料气进入量或减小空气进入量D.减小燃料气进入量或增大空气进入量
(3)海底埋藏着大量的“可燃冰”,主要成分由甲烷分子和水分子组成,如果开采不当而使甲烷气体大量泄漏,会造成的严重环境问题是____
(4)下图所示为一种“节能减排”的有效措施。乙醇属于____能源(选填“可再生”或“不可再生”),完全燃烧的化学方程式是____ 。
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\u7269\u7406,\u5316\u5b66,C,\u6e29\u5ba4\u6548\u5e94,\u53ef\u518d\u751f,C2H5OH+3O22

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    We humans spend about one-third of our lives asleep. This may sound like a lot of time, but it is not wasted. Sleep not only helps us stay healthy but it also helps our brains remember. Our brains need good sleep to remember what we do and learn during the other two thirds of our lives when we are awake.

    Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have found that sleep helps improve brain performance by shrinking(收缩)synapses in the brain. A synapse is the area where cells pass messages to other cells.

    Scientist Chiara Cirelli is a leader at the school's Center for Sleep and Consciousness. She told the reporter that sleep is when the human brain mixes information it has learned while awake into its general collection of knowledge. Meanwhile, the brain forgets unimportant details. This forgetting is important. It makes space for new learning and new memories.

    Cirelli said that the Centers research began with this hypothesis(假设): We sleep so that our brain can repair and refresh itself. She said the idea seems simple and reasonable. However, testing and discovering how it works has been extremely difficult.

    Synapses are only about 20-40 nanometers(纳米)wide. The team began their study by measuring the size of the synapses to look for changes in these already tiny spaces between nerve cells. Cirelli says the process(过程) is difficult because"all the actual measurements of the synapses have to be done by hand." The team had to wait until improvements in laboratory technology made it possible to see these tiny changes. A University of Wisconsin press release called the research a"huge job." Many research specialists worked for four years to photograph, rebuild and study certain areas of a mouse brain. The report also said the scientists measured 6,920 synapses.

    Cirelli says they found that our synapses shrink as our brains clean themselves during sleep. We wake up refreshed and ready to fill those synapses with new information. The research findings are the result of years of hard work at the University of Wisconsin Madison. The researchers published their findings in the journal Science.