题干

东西方经济体制各有利弊,相互借鉴,取长补短,在经济政策的不断调整中谋求发展。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一:在纳税后剩余的一切粮食、原料和饲料,农民可以全权处理……也可以用来提高个人的消费……允许在地方经济流通范围内实行交换。

——俄共(布)十大通过的关于以粮食税代替余粮收集制的决定

材料二:1933年3月6日,罗斯福命令所有银行关闭四天,并禁止支付和出口黄金。3月9日,国会召开特别 会议,并在4小时之内通过紧急银行法。财政部根据紧急银行法采取的迅速行动,立即恢复了企业界信心。

——阿瑟·林克等著《1900年以来的美国史》

材料三:(20世纪30年代)那些有足够兴趣访问苏联的西方人通常都没有留下好的印象,他们对苏联人的衣衫褴褛、食物单调、住房糟糕和消费匮乏感到震惊。……第二次世界大战以后,这一苏联模式的多方面的影响变成了几乎完全负面的影响。

——斯塔夫里阿诺斯著《全球通史》

材料四:社会主义市场经济理论是邓小平理论中最具创新意义的部分,是当代中国的马克思主义政治经济学,是对计划经济体制的关键性突破。

——岳麓书社八年级下册《中国历史教学参考书》

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    As I grow up, I gradually know that life plays a very important role in my education I really wanted to achieve. What I mean is that life can teach you things no one else can. Luckily for you, it's time to have lessons of life. Pay attention and you can know what I call the school of life.
    Use Your Head
    You have to be smart to survive (生存) in this world. Anytime you need to make a move, stop and think. Obviously there will be times when you need to take action first, but if you've been taking the time to plan, you'll always make the right choice. Fail to plan, plan to fail.
    Set Your Goals
    In my team, if you don't finish the job well, we will fire you. Your goals should be on building a basic of solid and complete work. Make certain a list of what you have to do and start with the biggest and most difficult task. The key here is goals.
    Respect Your Superiors (上级)
    Your boss is in his position for a reason, no matter what you think of him. If he's not the best one, be patient—he'll be out of there soon. In the meantime, you have to respect him as your superior. That means following orders and closing your mouth. If you don't respect your boss, how will you expect the people under you to do the same?
    Keep Your Cool
    You should never let your emotions (情绪) control you. You should learn to keep calm. Never lose your cool when dealing in business, or it will ruin the whole thing.
    The school of life can be hard, but if you're smart and play your cards right, you can come out with an A+. Just treat every situation as a learning experience. I hope you've studied.