材料一：中国宋代实现了社会经济的跃进，都市的发达，知识的普及，与欧洲文艺复兴现象比较，应该理解为并行和等值的发展，因而宋代是十足的“东方的文艺复兴时代”。

──（日本）宫崎市定《东洋近代史》

材料二：该时期内（宋朝）制度和文化也有了重大发展。这一发展的背后是中国经济尤其是商业的飞跃，我们不妨称之为中国的“商业革命”。……外贸的发展也反映了当时商业的繁荣，而且它也是推动当时商业革命的主要力量。……唐初人们尚轻视商业并试图限制其发展，但到了晚唐和宋朝时这种束缚就被打破了。……中国首次出现了聚集了大量人口的商业大都市。与以前不同的是这些都市是商业中心而非政治中心。

──费正清（美国）《中国：传统与变迁》

材料三：北方的强敌（契丹）一时既无法驱除，而建都开封，尤使宋室处一极不利的形势下……其对西北，亦复鞭长莫及，难于驾驭……宋代对外既如此不振，而内部又终年闹穷。而且愈闹愈凶，几于穷得不可支持……宋代对外之积弱不振、宋室内部之积贫难疗。

──摘自钱穆《国史大纲》

阅读下列内容，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

When he was a teenager, Hunter Adams was very unhappy and he spent many years in a special hospital for people with mental(心理的) health problems.

When he left the hospital, Adams decided to become a doctor, so he went to a medical school in Virginia, USA. But when he was there, he did things in a different way. For example, he didn't like the doctor's white coats, so he wore shirts with flowers on them when he visited his patients and he tried to make them laugh. The doctors at the medical school didn't like Adams because he was too different.

But Adams believed that people in hospital needed more than medicine. He saw unhappy and lonely people, and he tried to help them as patients, but as people too. He spent a lot of time with children in the hospital and often dressed up like a clown(小丑)to make the children laugh.

    When he finished medical school and became a doctor, Adams opened his own hospital, called "the Gusundheit Institute", together with some other doctors. They wanted it to be a place with a different way of working with sick people.

    Hunter Adams became famous during the 1980s, and in 1988, Universal Pictures made a film about his life. It was very successful. In the film, Robin Williams played Adams. Williams said, "Hunter is a really warm person, who believes that patients need a doctor who is a friend. I enjoyed playing him."

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