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驯鹿

    驯鹿,雌鹿体重可达150多公斤,雄鹿较小为90公斤左右。雄、雌鹿都生有一对树枝状的犄角,幅度可达1.8米,由真皮骨化后,穿出皮肤而成,每年更换一次,旧角刚刚脱落,新的就开始生长。驯鹿虽然温顺善良,却并非人工驯养出来的。北美的驯鹿是纯粹野生的;而分布于北欧,主要由拉普人管理的驯鹿则属于大范围圈养的。

    驯鹿的冬毛十分浓密,长毛中空,充满了空气,不仅保暖,游泳时也增加了浮力。贴身的绒毛厚密而柔软,就像穿了一身双层的皮袄。

    驯鹿最惊人的举动,就是每年一次长达数百公里的大迁移,也是遇山翻山,逢水涉水,勇往直前,前赴后继。但与旅鼠不同的是,驯鹿的迁移不是集体去自杀,而是一种充满理性的长途旅行。春天一到,它们便离开赖以越冬的亚北极森林和草原,沿着几百年不变的既定路线往北进发。总是由雌鹿打头,雄鹿紧随其后,浩浩荡荡,长驱直入,日夜兼程,边走边吃,沿途脱掉厚厚的冬装,而生长出新的薄薄的长毛。脱掉的绒毛掉在地上,正好成了天然的路标。就这样年复一年,不知已经走了多少个世纪。平时它们总是匀速前进,秩序井然,只有当狼群或猎人追来的时候,才会来一阵猛跑,展开一场生命的角逐,,因此,有人把驯鹿的迁移叫作“胜利大逃亡”。

    对世世代代生活在北极的爱斯基摩人来说,驯鹿是他们极其重要的物质,肉是上好的食品,跟牛肉的味道差不多,皮是缝制衣服、制作帐篷和皮船的重要材料,骨头则可做成刀子、挂钩、标枪尖和雪橇架等,还可以雕刻成工艺品。

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    One of the main decisions you must make when traveling is deciding where to stay. A place to stay can often make or break a holiday. Whether you are looking for a classy hotel or a night under the stars, we can guide you through your different options.

    Bed and Breakfast

    An English invention, bed and breakfasts, offers exactly what they suggest, a bed for the night and breakfast in the morning. “B&Bs”,are usually someone's private home, often found in the countryside.

    Hostels

    For those traveling on a tight budget, hostels are the best accommodation option. Informal places usually with a lovely relaxed atmosphere, they offer dormitory beds for rent. Bathrooms are usually down the hall.

    Remember to check reviews by previous guests online before you book your hostel.

    Couch Surfing

    An unusual but interesting option, couch(沙发) surfing is a growing trend among young internationals. The idea is that you become a member of the online couch-surfing community (www. couchsurfing. com) and then when you travel, look up other members in that country and ask to stay on their couch. Most hosts will suggest sightseeing trips and take you out in the evening, making it a great way to see things that aren't in your guidebook. And remember, it may be free but don't forget to offer to buy your host a drink or dinner.

    Camping

    Sleeping under the stars! For budget travelers staying at camping grounds is the cheapest way to travel. The drawback is having to carry a tent with you. Camping grounds can be found across Europe, America and Australia. However, if you intend on camping in busy cities check first where the nearest place for camping is. More often than not, they are on the edge of cities, which can mean lengthy bus rides into town when you want to eat or see the sights.