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                                                                                                            读书如熬粥
       ①我的母亲煮得一手好粥。孩提时曾问母亲何以烧出好粥,她告诉我:“粥是熬出来的,熬粥有三要素,即‘好米、文火、持续’。”
     ②是的,要熬一锅好粥,首先在于有“好米”。米好,粥就好。粥拼的是米,是米本身,是那种不加附加值的实力与质地。有了“好米”,还须用“文火”,即要用比较弱的火来熬,用“文火”易熬透,既能保持营养成分不流失,又能保持那份天然的鲜香味。熬粥还得有耐心,须持续。一锅好粥,少说得熬上个把小时。熬粥之妙,令我想及读书。细细回味一番,读书不正如熬粥一般吗?
     ③是啊,读书之法,贵在选择。要多读经典好书,经典往往记录着优秀的思想,它们总是超越时代,历久弥新的。读经典,你将从先贤的精神世界中吸收养分,从与高贵的心灵对话中得到陶冶。秘鲁作家略萨说:“如果一个人不读书,或者很少读书,或者只读‘垃圾书’,他可能会说话,但是永远只能说那点事情,因为他用来表达的词汇量十分有限。不仅是词汇的限制,同时又是智力和想象力的限制,是知识和思想贫乏的表现。”略萨对阅读经典的真谛作了深刻的诠释。一个常读经典作品的人,一个常读好书的人,更容易成为一个高尚的人、一个脱离低级趣味的人。
     ④读书之法,贵在耐心细读。心急火燎是读不了书的,粗枝大叶也不会有任何效果。读书须用“文火”,好似老牛吃草,不慌不忙,细细咀嚼。读书是一个人的心灵之旅,拿到一本书看到书名时,就像在长途汽车站的站牌上看到一个遥远的目的地,它意味着什么,暂时你还不知道,你只是向往。然后,你打开书本,仿佛踏上一段陌生而新奇的旅程。如果说,最幸福的旅行是那种沿途风光无限、刺激浪漫的行程的话,那么,最幸福的阅读则是一个全新的世界在书本中向你次第展开。按高尔基的说法,就是阅读向你“打开了一扇扇新的不知道的世界的窗户”。只是别忙,须从容读。从容读,你便会觉得处处皆风景。
     ⑤读书之法,贵在持之以恒。不能心血来潮,高兴时拼命读,兴头过后就丢弃一旁。真要读书,须善耐寂寞,甘守孤独。从某种意义上说,阅读是一种孤独,它更适合于独啜。不要因为这份寂寞与单调,你就感到厌烦无味,就与读书渐离渐远,这样只会徒劳无功。坚持读书,须有目标追求。这方面,国学大师陈寅恪便是典范。赵元任的夫人杨步伟回忆说:“那时在德国的学生们大多数玩得乱得不得了,只有孟真(傅斯年)和(陈)寅恪两个是‘宁国府门前的一对石狮子’”。意思是说,他们对读书对学问颇有定力。这种咬定目标、坚持不懈的定力,值得每个读书人学习。读书要做到恒久有定力,对那些以忙为由而少读书、不读书的人来说更是如此。胡耀邦同志曾说过一句话:“你要多读书,就要少打扑克,少跳舞,少看电影。”可不是吗?时间挤挤总是有的,就看你舍不舍得少打点扑克麻将了。
        ⑥读书如熬粥,也要遵循“好米、文火、持续”三大法则,只要做到读经典好书、耐心细读、持之以恒地读,读书之“用”就会潜移默化,融进一个人的血液、精神、行动之中,让人享用不尽,受益无穷。       
(选自《人民日报》)

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       Oxford University has introduced confidence classes for female students to get them to compete for jobs in future and win chances to work in best companies.

       They may be young and gifted, but research at the excellent institution has found that female undergraduates(大学生)are shying away from applying for jobs in banking, finance, management consultancy(咨询), engineering and resource management. Partly as a result, starting salaries for women when they graduate are on average £2,000 to £3,000 lower than their male counterparts.

    “Women are earning less on leaving Oxford.It is ridiculous,”said Jonathan Black, the careers service director at the university.“We have high quality and high achieving students of both genders.But it appears that women are selecting lower paid jobs. They accept more prejudice in certain industries and are saying 'I won't struggle for that really high paid job'. We are not trying to push loads of women but we are trying to say, you should feel able to apply for these sorts of jobs.Boys seem to have more self­confidence and see the bigger picture generally, even though their self­belief is not necessarily based on any greater academic advantage.”

       The four­day programme at Oxford will help 45 female undergraduates improve their self­confidence and decision­making, think positively and build up their strengths. Confidence training will teach them how to deal with the opposition and challenging situations.

       Successful female employees from RBS and BP, which are supporting the course, will talk about their lives and careers. RBS's involvement follows a promise by the bank to increase its national percentage of female graduate applications from 35 percent to 50 percent by 2014.

       Sophie Kelley, 20, studying law at Oxford, is hoping the course will make her more confident in courses and interviews.“I am applying to London's law firms for vacation schemes and it is so competitive,”she said.“The rejection letters don't give any real feedback(反馈), so I'm expecting the programme might give me a hand and some advice.”

Notes

①institution n.社会公共机构,制度,制定 ②counterpart n.与对方地位、作用相当的人(或物) ③gender n.性别 ④prejudice n.偏见,成见

同类题3

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    If you've been diagnosed with high blood pressure, you might be worried about taking medication to bring your numbers down. Chronic(慢性的) stress may contribute to high blood pressure. More research is needed to determine the effects of chronic stress on blood pressure. Occasional stress also can contribute to high blood pressure if you react to stress by eating unhealthy food, drinking alcohol or smoking.

    Take some time to think about what causes you to feel stressed, such as work, family, finances or illness. Once you know what's causing your stress, consider how you can rid or reduce stress. If you can't rid all of your stressors, you can at least handle them in a healthier way. Try to:

    Change your expectations. For example, plan your day and focus on your strengths. Avoid trying to do too much and learn to say no. Understand there are some things you can't change or control, but you can focus on how you react to them.

    Focus on issues you can control and make plans to solve them. If you are having an issue at work, try talking to your manager. If you are having a conflict with your kids or spouse, take steps to resolve it.

    Avoid stress triggers(诱因). Try to avoid triggers when you can. For example, if rush-hour traffic on the way to work causes stress, try leaving earlier in the morning, or take public transportation. Avoid people who cause you stress if possible.

    Make time to relax and to do activities you enjoy. Take time each day to sit quietly and breathe deeply. Make time for enjoyable activities or hobbies in your schedule, such as taking a walk, cooking or volunteering.

    Practice gratitude. Expressing gratitude to others can help reduce your stress.

    If you successfully control your blood pressure with reducing stress, you might avoid, delay or reduce the need for medication.