题干

阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一:完成英国工业革命的核心人物是工匠的儿子瓦特,是铁匠的儿子法拉第,是农夫的儿子焦耳。他们自小就生活在生产实践第一线,他们勤奋好学,并能自觉接受科学对技术的指导。更令人惊讶的是,这三位平民出身的发明家都有自己从事科学实验的实验室!他们“自主创新”的精神赢得全社会的普遍尊敬,这也是技术和科学相互交融最光辉的典范。

材料二:对于世界来说,工业革命改变了西方文明同世界其他民族的关系。原本在西方文明视野之外的美洲和澳大利亚彻底西方化(欧洲化)。工业革命对生产的促进拉动了欧洲对世界原料和市场的需要,而工业革命的剩余资本也四处奔走,这一切都促进了欧洲对世界的殖民活动。同时,即使在一些不完全属于欧洲强国殖民地的地方,例如中国,也迫使其成为欧洲的附属国。

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    The advice offered from any other 82-year-olds might have made young people yawn and roll their eyes. But when former South African president Nelson Mandela advised two dozen local youth leaders in Los Angeles to take education seriously, his audience was listening.

    The famed old man said to the young people that if they expected to improve the lives of others in the future, they must work at improving their own lives now. "Education is one of the most important weapons you have,” Mandela advised. “It will place you in a far better position to serve yourself and your community.”

     “The point is, he was young once and rebellious(叛逆的)once and he kept his dream alive, just as you each have dreams,” explained South Africa’s ambassador to the United States, Sheila Sisulu, as she introduced Mandela to the young crowd.

    Asked for specific advice about changing society by 21-year-old Ahmed Younis, Mandela suggested that somehow helping arouse more American interest in foreign affairs might be a start.

    There is an impression that Americans, in general, have not followed international developments properly, Mandela said. “I’m not making that statement myself, but there are serious political analysts who say Americans are not well informed as to what has happened in the world.”

    22-year-old Omari Trice said Mandela left him full of enthusiasm. “ He’s a person who set the tone for an entire nation, said Trice. “You come away feeling you need to be a superman in order to get things done.”