考古发掘资料表明，原始社会末期出现了私有财产和贫富分化情况。其主要判断依据(      )

下列选项中生物共同特征较多的是（    ）

    What are the biggest problems that society will have to deal with in the new age? There re diseases like AIDS and cancer. There's climate change, of course. And what about producing enough cheap food and energy for the world's growing population? Who's going to solve all these terrible problems? Yes, politicians and world leaders will have a big part to play. Yes businesses will need to create the economic wealth to pay for some of these things. But who's going to make a much greater difference to something like AIDS or climate change. It's going to be a scientist. It is the scientist who can turn some new bit of science into a new technology to solve these problems. If you like thinking about the world around you, why not become a scientist? It doesn't mean you have to wear a white coat and plastic glasses and spend all your time in a lab as most people often imagine! Scientists do all kinds of amazing things that are actually interesting!

    Military scientists develop not only new weapons but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date. Forensic(法医的) scientists work with the police to find quite small clues to catch criminals. Scientists work in schools and colleges as the teachers and professors who will train tomorrow's scientists. Don't think a scientist is far away! Maybe you like cooking? You could be a food technologist helping to keep fruit and vegetables fresher for longer. Perhaps sport is your thing? Do you know that most top athletes work with sports scientists in order or improve their performance? You could even be the science writer who gets to spend the life studying the latest advances and sharing them with the world.

    Looking for something to do for the rest of your life? My advice? Take a long and hard look at science. It is interesting and ever.

阅读理解

    “Beating is a sign of affection, cursing (骂)is a sign of love.” Many may not expect to hear the words of the old Chinese saying in these modern times—with parents wealthier and better educated than they have ever been—but experts say they still ring true.

    Today, it seems, Chinese parents are more likely to send their children to pre­college military academies in the United States in the hope that some tough love will pave the way to success.

    “Good education doesn't mean letting your children enjoy privileges, especially our boys.” said Song Wenming, an entrepreneur (企业家)in Jinhua' East China's Zhejiang province. “They should be raised in tough conditions to know what to fight for in the future.”

    In August, Song sent his 17­year­old son to Valley Forge Military Academy (VFMA) in Pennsylvania. And he is far from alone, even though it takes a lot of money—around $48,000 per year—to send a child to a strict military school.

    Statistics show that an increasing number of Chinese students have been registering with such academies .

    A few years ago, there were no Chinese students at Valley Forge. Today, there are 28.“All of the Chinese students at Valley Forge came from wealthy families; some of them were spoiled.” said Jennifer Myers, director of marketing and communications at the school.

    Song's only son, Song Siyu, had a rocky start during his first six weeks at the school. The teenager said he went to the school voluntarily but did not expect it to be as difficult.

    Now, three months later, he has perfected the art of taking a bath in 35 seconds, finishing a meal without looking at his food, and making his bed with precision. He can even take criticism, no matter how unreasonable.

    “The training is hard but I know it is good for self­development of individuals.” said Song Siyu. “The endless training and scolding are just ways to build up our character; they are not personal .”But his enthusiasm is not universal. Ten of the 13 Chinese students who joined the academy this year have transferred to other schools. But for those who stick with it, there is a reward for all the hard work.

阅读下面的文字，完成下列各题。

小气的父亲

刘清山

       ①父亲的小气，在我曾经度过童年、少年时光的村庄是小有名气的。

       ②一枚咸鸭蛋，就是他最好的下饭菜了。他一大早把咸鸭蛋在缸沿边磕开个口子后，早晨吃，中午吃，晚上还吃；一根筷子在鸭蛋里轻盈地拨拉着，既可以下酒，也可以下饭，可谓一举两得。吃完咸鸭蛋后，他又举起手中的空蛋壳，对着阳光仔细地看，确定里面空空如也后，才恋恋不舍地扔掉。

       ③虽然父亲朴实能干，但他的小气还是让我和母亲受到许多乡邻的奚落。母亲倒是毫不在意，但我却感觉在一些同村的伙伴中抬不起头来。

       ④“您平时就不能大方一些，您感觉不到别人都在笑话我们一家？”上了中学的我，忍不住向父亲发牢骚。

       ⑤父亲并不以为然，他淡定地说：“做人呐，该小气时就得小气，该大方时才能大方。”

       ⑥其实，我心里也很清楚，父亲的小气情有可原。那时我们村是个穷村，而我母亲的身体又不好，这让他肩上的负担更加沉重。但我仍然不能容忍他夏天穿着一件满是窟窿的汗衫等诸如此类的行为。我已经是大人了，把面子和尊严看得比什么都重。

       ⑦大学毕业后，我回到自己的家乡，当了一名中学教师。结婚的那一天，父亲在腰间摸索了好一会儿，把紧握的手放在我的手中。他抽手后，我低头一看：是两百块钱。他羞愧地说：“孩子，你别嫌少，家里只有这么多钱了!”他的话，我信！

       ⑧在城里安家的我，日子慢慢好了起来。我几乎每个月都要回一趟乡下看望双亲。父母在一点一点地变老，就像秋天的树叶在寒风中颤抖。唯一不变的是父亲的小气：他依旧穿着破旧的衣服，我给他的钱不舍得花一分，送给他的衣物，他都让母亲整整齐齐地叠好，放在箱子里。

       ⑨我的孩子感冒，电话中无意间告诉了母亲。第二天，一大早有人敲门。我打开房门，没想到竟然是父亲。秋季的早晨，寒风萧瑟，他竟然满头大汗。

       ⑩“您是怎么来的？”我赶紧把父亲拉进屋，递了一块毛巾给他。“我，我是骑着人力三轮车来的！”他气喘吁吁地说。

       ⑪父亲居住的村庄离我的住处足有八十多里路。他一位年近七旬的老人，竟然是一脚一脚蹬着三轮车来的。

       ⑫我心疼地说道：“孩子只是感冒，您用不着大老远来看他。再说了，您就是来，也要坐汽车啊！您这么大年纪了，这近百里的路，累着您不说，要是路上出什么意外，可如何是好呢！”

       ⑬“不累，不累，我干了一辈子农活，骑车走百十来里路，就像玩儿似的！”

       ⑭“是心疼那二三十元的车票钱吧？！”我一下戳中了他的软肋，“您先坐着，我给您做早饭去。”

       ⑮“你不用做饭，我已经吃过了。”他拉住了我的手说，“我凌晨三点起的床，吃了一张煎饼，然后就赶过来了。”

       ⑯我抬头看了一下挂钟，来一趟城里，他整整骑了三个多小时的路。我可敬可亲又可怜的父亲啊！我不顾他的反对，下了一碗鸡蛋面，逼着让他吃了下去。临走，舍不得一张汽车票钱的父亲竟然强行留下了五百元钱，让我给孩子买点吃的。

       ⑰再回家的时候，我忍不住对母亲说：“现在日子都好过了，您就别让爸那么小气了！”

       ⑱母亲的脸色变得严肃起来：“谁都能笑话你爸小气，你却不能笑话他！在我们村里，你是第一个大学生，你好好想想，当时乡邻都不舍得把钱投到孩子的学业上，和你同龄的孩子最多只能上到初中就不继续上了。只有你爸，舍不得吃，舍不得穿，一路把你供到了中学、大学……你见过这样小气的父亲吗？”

       ⑲我听得面红耳赤。是啊，父亲是这样说也是这样做的，该小气时小气，该大方时大方。他把小气留给了自己，把大方给予了孩子。他用小气撑起了这个曾经一贫如洗的家，却大方无私地把父爱像雨露般洒到我的身上。