题干

阅读下列材料:

材料1:因为所产生的每一物种的个体比可能生存的多得多,遂各生物间便经常不断地发生生存斗争,所以,任何生物如果能以任何方式发生纵然微小但有利于自己的变异,它在复杂的而且时常变化的生活条件下,将会获得较好的生存机会,因而它就自然地被选择了。

——达尔文《物种起源》

材料2:牛津大主教威尔伯福斯在一次辩论中说:“达尔文简直不让我们相信神的意志的干预是存在的,我们能够背叛正宗的传统宗教吗?……从达尔文先生的理论当中,我们只能得出两种结论:要么是人类缺少一个不朽的灵魂,或者相反,每个动物、每种植物都有一个不朽的灵魂。每只虾、每个土豆……甚至一条低级的蚯蚓都有不朽的灵魂。如果是这么回事,我想,今天晚上我们回家以后,就谁也别打算能吃下一份烤牛肉了!”

材料3:尽管达尔文主义受到宗教界和其他集团的敌视,它还是对西方社会有着深远的影响。……例如,政治上,这是俾斯麦以血和铁统一德国的时期。各国的民族主义赞美者认为达尔文主义给了他们支持和正当理由。……经济生活中,这是自由经营和粗鲁的个人主义的时期。舒适的、心满意足的上、中层阶级激烈反对国家为促进较大的社会平等而作出的任何干预。……19世纪后期也是殖民地扩张的黄金时期……有人争辩说,殖民地是强国的繁荣和生存所必需的;还有人争辩说,按照世间的成就判断,诸土著民族软弱、低劣,需要优越的、较强大的欧洲人的保护和指导。

——(美)斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》

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    I was shopping in the supermarket when I heard a young voice.

    “Mom,come here!There's this lady here my size!”

    The mother rushed to her son;then she turned to me to apologize. I smiled and told her,“It's okay.”

    Then I talked to the boy,“Hi,I'm Darryl Kramer. How are you?”

    He studied me from head to toe,and asked,“Are you a little mommy?”

    “Yes,I have a son,” I answered.

    “Why are you so little?” he asked. “It's the way I was born,”I said.“ Some people are little. Some are tall. I'm just not going to grow any bigger.” After I answered his other questions,I shook the boy's hand and left.

My life as a little person is filled with stories like that. I enjoy talking to children and explaining why I look different from their parents.

    It takes only one glance to see my uniqueness. I stand three feet nine inches tall .I was born an achondroplasia dwarf(侏儒).Despite this,I did all the things other kids did when I was growing up.

    I didn't realize how short I was until I started school. Some kids picked on me,calling me names. Then I knew. I began to hate the first day of school each year. New students would always stare at me as I struggled to climb the school bus stairs.

    But I learned to smile and accept the fact that I was going to be noticed my whole life. I decided to make my uniqueness an advantage rather than a disadvantage. What I lacked in height,I made up for in personality.

    I'm 47 now,and the stares have not diminished as I've grown older. People are amazed when they see me driving. I try to keep a good attitude. When people are rude,I remind myself,“Look what else I have-a great family,nice friends.”

    It's the children's questions that make my life special. I enjoy answering their questions. My hope is that I will encourage them to accept their peers(a person of the same age,class,position,etc.),whatever size and shape they come in,and treat them with respect.