内能的一个重要的应用是直接____，物体获得内能后，温度会____，即直接利用内能；内能的另一个重要的应用就是用它来____，各种热机就是利用内能来的机器．热机是把____能转化为____能的机器．

古人说：“礼义廉耻，国之四维，四维不张，国乃灭亡”。社会主义荣辱观是对中国古代“礼义廉耻，国之四维”的继承和创新，为人们修身养性、转变社会风气提供了一个非常好和非常具体的价值判断与导向。这表明：
①提出社会主义荣辱观就是要求遵循古训　   ②弘扬民族精神是构建和谐社会的要求　
③中华民族精神深深植根于我国优秀文化传统之中　④社会主义荣辱观已成为每个公民
的价值选择

某校初二（1）班历史小组准备在历史课上作一个关于“文化大革命”的主题发言，以下内容与这一主题不相适应的是（    ）

阅读理解。

    An officer（军官）is at a bus stop. He wants to see his girlfriend by bus. He wants to tell his girlfriend the time of his bus, and then she can meet him at the stop in her car. He wants to call his girlfriend on a pay phone（付费电话）,but he doesn't have a coin（硬币）for the phone. He wants someone to help him.

    A soldier（士兵）is near the stop. The officer walks to the soldier and asks,“Do you have any coins for the phone?”

    “Let me have a look,” says the soldier. “I'll see if I can help you.”

    “Don't you know how to speak to an officer?” says the officer. “Now let's say it. Do you have any coins for the phone?”

    “No, sir,” says the soldier.

在 $△ABC$ 中，若 $C=\frac{2\pi }{3}$ ， $AB=3$ ，则 $△ABC$ 的周长为（    ）