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        In America, parents tend to encourage their children to develop their potential (潜能) to the fullest extent. Fathers and mothers frequently teach their children both ambition and the confidence necessary to work toward their goals. American parents are always active in concentrating on what their kids can do, not what they can't. As a result, millions of American boys and girls grow up hoping to become actors and athletes, diplomats and doctors. Many of them even want to become president.

       American parents often encourage their children to become involved in extra activities of all types at school, such as student government, sports and music. They believe that only through taking part in these activities can their children become mature young adults.

       As we all know, schoolwork is important. But parents should realize that the social skills their children learn form natural conversations with each other are as important as schoolwork and the skills they will need in the future work. What's more important in their work is that their children should have a sound knowledge of physics or the ability to communicate effectively.

       As a rule, Chinese parents don't educate their children about the same kind of ambition and confidence as Americans do, nor do they encourage the same level of participation in extra activities. Children are typically advised to study hard and pass exams. They have to spend a lot of time in doing much schoolwork every day. It is a great waste of time to do so.

       Now more and more Chinese parents have recognized that they should pay attention to developing the potential of their children. I hope that leaders in Chinese educational circles should take some measures to develop the potential of their children. I am very confident about it.  

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阅读弗雷德•皮尔斯的《空气中取水》一文,完成下列各题。

    ①任何时候,大气中都含有105亿英亩呎水,其总量是世界上所有江河水量的6倍多。其中,大约2%很快就会作为降雨落到地面,剩余的98%依然处于水蒸气的状态。

    ②有人提议,用声音从空气中获取水分。凉爽、宁静的夜晚,空气中的水分达到饱和后,即使是微小的空气振动,也能凝聚水分,产生雨滴。在中国云南省的山区,村民们有个传统,通过大声喊叫来祈雨。据说,喊得越响,雨下得越大。

    ③一个有趣的新想法看起来似乎可行。在临海的沙漠地区建造温室,用寒冷的海水作为空气调节器,从炎热的空气中凝聚水分。这种温室实际上是巨大的露水制造机。从2002 年以来,帕顿的阿布扎比温室已经在沙漠中种出了黄瓜、西红柿和鲜花。10平方英尺的温室每天可产生10加仑水﹣﹣这比热带雨林通过降雨得到的水还要多

    ④在干旱的沙漠之中,人们曾尝试通过收集雾水解决用水问题。顺着智利北部阿塔卡马沙漠中绵延的山顶,悬挂着75 张大塑料帆网。这里已经连续几年没有降雨了,但寒冷的近海气流定期从太平洋上大量涌来,塑料帆网通过获取这些气流的水分而变得十分潮湿。每张帆网有40英尺×10英尺大小,一天能收集40 加仑水。那里的一个小镇,从前用水完全靠从50英里外运来。如今这项工程平均每天可以给小镇提供3000加仑水。

    ⑤这种做法被广为接受。南美洲的整个太平洋沿岸,很多社区已经建造了捕雾幕帐,用来给新栽的树木供水。这种系统一旦建立起来,这些树就可以在叶子上为自己收集雾气,在沙漠中重新创造以雾为基础的生态系统。

【注】①英亩呎:体积单位。

(选自《当江河枯竭的时候:21 世纪全球水危机》,有删改)