题干

阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料 民本思想是在中国数千年君主专制中央集权制度发展过程中出现的一种政治文化,是维护皇权的一种柔情政治。它是中国古代历史上将民众视为治国安邦根本的政治学说,是一种关注、重视人民利益的政治学说。

民主一词源于西方,在英语中民主一词指Democracy,来自于希腊文Demokratia,字面意思是人民当家作主,权力属于人民。马克思主义的民主含义指的是,“在特定的经济关系和利益关系基础上,保障公民权利得到平等实现的政治形式”。由此可见,民主指的是人民真正掌握国家的权力,按照人民的意思来实现管理国家政治、经济和文化等事务的权利。

结合材料和所学知识,对中国传统民本思想和西方民主思想的区别进行论述。

(要求:从某一角度展开论述,观点明确,史论结合)

 

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

示例一:两者所处的社会环境不同。民本是在专制主义中央集权之下的一种君本理念,通过重民、敬民、爱民等措施来维护统治,实现长治久安。民主是伴随着民主政治的发展而不断推进的,古代希腊的民主就是随着商品经济的发展、抽签选举和公民大会等民主形式的推进而不断发展的。到了近代,伴随着资本主义经济的发展,启蒙思想家继承和发展了古希腊的民主制,提出了自由、平等、民主、法制等主张,规划了资本主义的理性蓝图,资本主义代议制不断完善,公民主体地位在理论上和实践上不断得以强化。

示例二

同类题1

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

     The idea of inventing an international language is not a new one. Over the past 180 years, linguists (语言学家) have created over ten different languages that are based on German, Spanish, and English. One of these was Basic English.

     By 1923 the First World War had been over for five years, but Europe was still recovering from its effects. Charles Kay Ogden, a linguist and writer, was running several bookshops in Cambridge. He published The Meaning of Meaning (1923), a book describing how we use language. The book received high praise, which drove Ogden to design an international language — something that was much simpler than English. In 1930 Ogden's book Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar was published.

     Perhaps it takes about seven years for one to become a good English speaker. Ogden believed that Basic English could be learned in seven weeks. There were only 850 words and the grammar was very simple.

     The language attracted the attention of educators all over the world, but its development was stopped by the Second World War. After the war, both the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and the President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt looked for ideas that might bring world peace. They both gave speeches that encouraged the use of Ogden's international language. In the past 60 years, the language has had some success. In some parts of East Asia, teachers are still using Ogden's word lists.

     However, in the main, the language has disappeared. Because there are many more non-native than native speakers of English, recently some linguists have asked whether we should give careful consideration to Ogden's ideas again. And the Wikipedia website (www.wikipedia.org) has started a version (版本) written in Basic English for non-native learners of the language. Search for it on the Internet now!