Lingling: I like cake. Do you like cake, Daming?

Daming: No, I don't. But I like rice.

Lingling: Does your brother Dayong like rice, too?

Daming: No, he doesn't. He likes noodles.

Lingling: Does Amy like apples?

Daming: Yes, she does. But her sister Mary likes pears.

过直线外一点画这条直线的平行线。

制度创新包含两层涵义：一是创造前所未有的新制度，为未来指引方向；二是使原有制度不断更新，不断保持活力。结合所学知识，回答下列问题。 有学者认为，中国最独特之处在于，我们是唯一保持了两千多年中央集权制度的国家。古代中国政府为加强对地方的有效管理，有哪些政治制度的创新？