题干

如图所示的电路,闭合开关,观察发现灯泡L1亮、L2不亮.调节变阻器滑片P,灯泡L1的亮度发生变化,但灯泡L2始终不亮.出现这一现象的原因可能是(   )

A:灯泡L2灯丝断了

B:滑动变阻器短路了

C:灯泡L2短路了

D:滑动变阻器接触不良

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

C

同类题1

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昆虫般大小的机器人

    ①一部分研制机器人的专家认为:下一步的研究方向主要是机器人的大小,未来机器人的大小应该和昆虫相仿。

    ②大型机器人需要沉重昂贵的发动机和大量的动力消耗,需要接合的手臂和数千米的连线。控制所有这些硬件又需要数平方英寸的微晶片。而如果机器人的这些部件组装起来只有昆虫那样大小,那么它的造价不但会便宜得多,它所能从事的工作也会给人类生存带来很大影响。

    ③一般说来,目前机器人所能做的工作都可由相应的机器来取代。与工厂中固定的有强大动力的机器相比,许多工作由机器人来做不如留给相应的机器去做。但是小机器人所能做的工作却不是机器所能完成的,这正如微型飞机比大型飞机更适合用来观测农场作物的生长情况以及控制自动灌溉和施肥系统一样。比如只有微型机器人,才能沿着患者的血管,进入变窄了的冠状动脉去排除血管壁上沉淀的胆固醇,从而解除病人的危险。

    ④当然,就目前的情况来看,这种说法未免言过其实。不过研究人员确已成功设计出一种能进入煤气或自来水管道去修补裂缝或漏洞的微型机器人。这种机器人进入管道之后,可用自己的身体测量经过地方的电导,一旦测不到这种电导,就表明那里存在着裂缝或漏洞。于是该机器人便作出“自我牺牲”,用自己的身体来把裂缝或漏洞堵上。

    ⑤如果许多这样的微型机器人通力合作,其功用更是一般机械所无法比拟的了。比如说战场上可使用微型机器人兵士。这些“兵士”可轻易地偷偷爬过或飞过战场,而不被敌方的雷达系统发现,因为它们体积微小,且可超低空飞行(乘微型火箭).一旦越过敌人的防线,它们便可成为摧毁敌方设施的生力军,就像毁掉农作物的蝗虫一样。

    ⑥这种昆虫般大小的机器人目前已不再是科幻小说里的主人公。当然要它们在现实生活中出现,还需克服一系列技术上的障碍。其中主要是如何把现在机器人所用的齿轮、杠杆、曲柄、弹簧和其它机械部件缩小到比头发丝还细的程度,同时把传感器、电动机、控制计算机及其他系统装配到一块微晶片上。

    ⑦当然目前制作微型动力部件的技术还处于刚刚研制阶段。1988年初加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的一个实验室的工作人员,制造出了只有1/5毫米长的带连接部件的曲柄和齿轮。这种齿轮的轮只有红细胞一般大小。新泽西州美国电报电话公司贝尔实验室的专家们已经研制出了比蚂蚱颚还要小的钳子。该实验室还研制出了只有半毫米大小每分钟24000转的气功涡轮机,其转速比许多喷气式飞机的发动机还要快。机器人微型化的另一个问题是动力问题。为微型机器人提供动力的装置要比电池小非常多才行。不过,微型发动机的研制工作也取得了令人鼓舞的进展。

    ⑧微型机器人的大量生产恐怕还不是近年之内能办到的事情。然而,一旦这种机器人能批量生产出来,它们在科研和生产中所起的作用将是无法估量的。

同类题4

阅读理解

    The Leaning Tower of Pisa was straight like a pole when the construction began in 1173. It started to shift direction soon after construction because of poor foundation in addition to the loose layer of subsoil(底土). At the beginning, it leaned to the southeast before the shaky foundation started to shift leaning towards the southwest. After the period of structural strengthening at the beginning of the 21st century, now the Leaning Tower of Pisa leans at an angle of 3.97 degrees.

    In 1178, the shift in direction was observed for the first time when the construction had progressed further to the third floor. The tower was heavy for the three-meter foundation that was built on a weak area of land.

    For compensating(补偿) the leaning position, the builders started to construct the upper floors with one side higher than the other one. This caused the tower to lean in the other direction. This unusual structure led to the tower being actually curved. In spite of these efforts, the tower kept on leaning.

    The government of Italy started to plan prevention of the complete collapse of the tower in 1964. However, a request was put forward by the authorities to keep the leaning position because of the tourism industry of the region.

    After nearly two decades of careful planning by engineers, historians and mathematicians, the stabilization efforts for the Leaning Tower of Pisa started in 1990. The tower was closed for the general public and the people living nearby moved away. For reducing the total weight of the tower, its seven bells which represented the seven musical notes were removed. The tower was reopened for the general public on December 15, 2001.

    In May 2008, after removing another 70 metric tons of earth, the engineers announced that the tower had been finally stabilized and it would remain stable for at least 200 years.