题干

阅读下列材料:

材料1:正是在物理学领域,牛顿进行了最有意义的研究。在这方面,他以伽利略的研究为基础,将后者的成果发展到辉煌的顶点。伽利略主要关心的是地球的运动,牛顿则发现了有关宇宙本身的定律。

材料2:伽利略发现,运动中的物体若无一定的外力使它转向,便做匀速直线运动。这一发现要求人们必须解释:为什么行星不易直线飞离,而趋于落向太阳,结果形成其椭圆形的轨道;为什么月亮同样趋于落向地球。

材料3:牛顿已发现了一个数学上能证实的根本的宇宙规律……实际上,自然界好像是一个巨大的机械装置,按照通过观察、实验、测量和计算可予以确定的某些自然法则进行运转。……因而牛顿的物理学分析方法现今开始不仅被应用于物质世界,而且被应用于思想知识的整个领域及人类社会。正如伏尔泰(法国著名的启蒙思想家)所说的,“整个自然界、所有行星竟会服从永恒的法则,而且一种身高5尺的小动物竟能不顾这些法则,完全按照自己的怪想随心所欲地行动,这是非常奇异的”。寻找决定人类事物的这些永恒法则,是法国革命之前的所谓的启蒙运动的实质。

——以上材料均摘自(美)斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》

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同类题2

阅读理解

    Every kid wishes to be an adult. Do you remember playing house as a child — pretending(假装) to be a grown-up like your parents? Did you imagine you were a doctor, a soldier or a teacher? At that time, anything seemed more exciting than being young.

    But now as grown-ups, some adults find they cannot leave childhood behind. They become “kidults”. Being a kidult has become a lifestyle choice among young people across Asia.

    Some kidults collect toys they once played with. Hello Kitty, Garfield, and Snoopy have many adult fans around the world. It is not unusual to see a 20-something woman with a big, Garfield-shaped cushion on her sofa or a Hello Kitty mobile phone accessory(配件、附件).

    Other kidults still enjoy children's stories and fairy tales. For example, the British publisher Bloomsbury even released an edition(发布一个版本) of the Harry Potter novels with an adult cover. That way, no one else on the subway will know that an adult is actually reading a children's book.

    “Kidults can be like vitamins to society. Adults who love their childhood most and hold on to pure, child-like emotion may be needed in such a rough and dry society,” said Lee So-jung, a professor at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies.

    He added that kidult culture may fill the generation gap between adults and kids. It could give children and their parents books, movies, and cartoon shows to enjoy together.

    Tim Greenhalgh, an adviser in London explained that some kidults just refuse to grow up. They hold on to childhood because working life in a busy and stressful city frightens them. Kidults would like to forget their age and openly show their fear of society and adulthood.

    “So, they can escape from increasingly busy and stressful lives that are hard to deal with,” Greenhalgh said.

同类题5

阅读理解

    It was my first day back home since starting college. A lot had changed in the last year. Not with my hometown but with me. I had left as a 17-year-old boy and had now returned as an 18-year-old man. In the city, I was living on my own, had a part-time job and was studying. Even the government recognized I was an adult: I had a driver's license. So here I was, on my summer vacation, walking down the main street with my father, desperate for him to acknowledge how mature I was. When his recognition failed to appear, I took matters into my own hands. “Dad,” I said casually, “I'm thirsty. Let's go for a beer.” It was the first time I'd ever mentioned beer in front of my father, let alone ask him to drink one with me.

    He turned to me with a curious expression on his face. “A beer? Well, 1 guess you're old enough now. Let's go to Sailors' Bar. It's where my cousin Tom, your uncle, used to drink. You remember him, right?”

    I had only some vague recollection of my uncle. He was the black sheep of the family. We didn't talk about him much. What ever happened to Uncle Tom, Dad? I haven't seen him in years,” I said as we continued towards the bar.

     “Neither have I, unfortunately. He was a good kid once. But things changed,” my father said mournfully. As a boy, he explained, there had been no better-behaved boy than Tom. But after leaving school, he moved to the city and fell in with bad company. He started going out every night, drinking in nightclubs and playing cards. Soon he lost everything and had to beg his mum to pay his debts. She agreed on condition that he returned home.

    My dad took a deep breath and continued his tale. "Things settled down for a while. He married a lovely woman, gave up his bad habits. But it didn't last. He was soon back to his old ways. He couldn't resist. He was at Sailors, Bar almost every night. His poor mother died of grief and shame. His wife followed her soon after.

     “What ruined him was alcohol He told me once, when a man begins drinking, he never knows where it'll end. ‘So', Tom warned me. ‘be cautious about your first drink!'

     “He went from bad to worse. Last year Tom sent me a letter saying he had been found guilty of stealing, and sent to prison for ten years.”

    Dad finished talking just as we reached the front door of Sailors' Bar. “Anyway, here we are. Let's go in,” he said. But understood. I put my arm around my father and said, “I'm not thirsty anymore, Dad. Let's go home.”