阅读理解

    It is most difficult for parents to decide whether to have a second child or not.  It is often heard that a single child is likely to be a lonely child. There are no other children in the family for the child to talk to or play with. An only child is not able to get along well with children of his age. Some parents feel sad about making the decisions to have only one child. 

    But the number of parents choosing to have only one child is increasing in many parts of the world. In the US, for example, more than14 percent of women between 18 and 34 plan to have just one child . The same can be seen in the UK. In Japan, the average(平均) number of children born per family had gone down to 1.42 by 1996.  For some single-child parents, especially who are busy working every day, time and energy seem to be overwhelming. They don't have enough time and energy to share with more children. For other people, money is their first consideration. Many couples in Japan choose not to have large families as the cost of supporting a child up to the age of 18 reaches around $160,000.

针对香港特区立法会选举及个别候选人在宣誓时宣扬“港独”主张，侮辱国家、民族引发的问题，第十二届全国人大常委会第二十次会议通过对香港特别行政区基本法第104条的解释，明确规定，相关公职人员“就职时必须依法宣誓”，宣誓人作虚假宣誓或者在宣誓之后从事违反誓言行为的，依法承担法律责任。全国人大常委会这一释法旨在（    ）

①规范和修订香港特别行政区的立法权限

②维护国家安全，打击和遏制“港独”势力

③完善特区司法体系，理顺中央与地方的关系

④维护香港特别行政区基本法的权威和香港法治