题干

冬天手冷时,我们经常将两只手相互搓搓使手暖和,这是利用____ 的方式使手的内能增加;也可以用“暖手宝”焐手,这是利用____ 的方式增加手的内能。

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    I had just arrived in this Asian country for a one-year teaching position. One day, I took the subway to visit some ancient palaces and temples in the downtown. The following account of what happened to me has taught me much about culture 1.

    Since all the 2 were taken, I stood. Suddenly, I felt someone pulling on my bag. 3 I probably was in someone's way, I moved over slightly. But in one quick motion(动作), I felt my bag removed from my back, and in a flash it was 4. I turned around to see who the thief was. I looked at the people standing behind me, but didn't see my bag or any 5. My heart sank and I began to 6.

    I glanced around the car only to find directly across from me was an elderly lady, and sitting on her lap was my 7. I tried to get it back from her lap. But as I began to 8 it up, she quickly grabbed(抓住) it back and held onto it. I looked around at the people standing beside me, and those sitting beside her, but no one took any 9 of the situation. Trying not to cause a(an) 10, I tried to negotiate through gestures. I used my hands as best as I could, but she 11 my requests for my bag and pointed to my back. She picked up my bag, showing how 12 it was. I finally began to understand. She was holding my bag to13 me.

    At the next stop, a middle-aged woman got on the crowded subway. Another elderly woman sitting down took her bag, 14 it on her lap. They didn't talk; 15 this older woman was more than pleased to sit with this stranger's bag on her lap throughout her journey.

    As the subway pulled into the main downtown station and I was getting ready to get off, the woman 16 handed me back my bag. But 17 I had a chance to thank her, she had disappeared into the crowd.

    Sadly, this considerate custom was more 18 to me than if I had been robbed. Everyone back home had heard of being robbed—that was 19 city behavior—but having a stranger hold onto someone's bag out of 20, in a city of twelve million people—that was truly unusual.

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阅读下文,完成小题。
                                                                                               长途跋涉的肉羹
                                                                                                    林清玄
      ①在我读小学五年级的时候,有一次看见爸爸满头大汗从外地回来,手里提着一个用草绳绑着的全新的铁锅。他一面走,一面召集我们:“来,快来吃肉羹,这是爸爸吃过的最好吃的肉羹。”他边解开草绳,边说起那一锅肉羹的来历。
      ②爸爸到遥远的凤山去办农会的事,中午到市场吃肉羹,发现那个小摊上的肉羹非常的美味,他心里想着:“但愿我的妻儿也可以吃到这么美味的肉羹呀!”
      ③但是那个时代没有塑胶袋,要外带肉羹真是困难的事。爸爸随即到附近的五金行买了一个铁锅,并向店家要了一条草绳,然后转回肉羹摊,买了满满一锅肉羹,用草绳绑好,提着回家。当时的交通不便,从风山到旗山的道路颠簸不平,平时不提任何东西坐客运车都会昏头转向、灰头土脸。何况是提着满满一锅肉羹呢?
      ④把整锅肉羹夹在双腿问,坐客运车回转家园的爸爸,那种惊险的情状是可以想见的。虽然他是那么小心翼翼,肉羹还是溢出不少,回到家,锅外和草绳上都已经沾满肉羹的汤汁了,甚至爸爸的长裤也湿了一大片。
      ⑤锅子在我们的围观下打开,肉羹只剩下半锅。妈妈为我们每个孩子盛了半碗肉羹.也为自己盛了半碗。由于我们知道这是爸爸千辛万苦从风山提回来的肉羹,吃的时候就有一种庄严、欢喜、期待的心情,一反我们平常狼吞虎咽的样子,一小口一小口地品尝那长途跋涉、饱含着爱、还有着爱的余温的肉羹。
      ⑥爸爸开心地坐在一旁欣赏我们的吃相,露出他惯有的开朗的笑容。妈妈边吃肉羹边说:“这凤山提回来的肉羹真好吃!”爸爸说:“就是真好吃,我才会费尽心机提这么远回来呀!这铁锅的价钱是肉羹的十倍呀!”当爸爸这样说的时候,我感觉温馨的气息随着肉羹与香菜的味道,充塞了整个饭厅。不,那时我们不叫饭厅,而是灶间。
      ⑦那一年,在黝暗的灶间,在昏黄的烛光灯火下吃的肉羹是那么美味。经过三十几年了,我还没有吃过比那更好吃的肉羹。因为那肉羹加了一种特别的作料,是爸爸充沛的爱以及长途跋涉的表达呀!
      ⑧这使我真实地体验到,光是充沛的爱还是不足的,与爱同等重要的是努力的实践与真实的表达,没有透过实践与表达的爱,是无形的、虚妄的。
      ⑨我想,这是爸爸妈妈那一代人,他们的爱那样丰盈真实,却从来不说“我爱你”,甚至终其一生没有说过一个“爱”字的理由吧!
      ⑩爱是作料,要加在肉羹里,才会更美味。自从吃了爸爸从凤山提回来的肉羹,每次我路过凤山,都有一种亲切之感。‘这凤山,是爸爸从前买肉羹的地方呢!
      ⑩我的父母都是善于表达爱的人,因此,在我很幼年的时候,就知道再微小的事物,也可以作为感情的表达;而再贫苦的生活,也因为这种表达而显现出幸福的面貌。
      ⑩幸福,常常是隐藏在平常的事物中,只要加一点用心,平常事物就会变得非凡、美好、庄严了。只要加一点用心,凡俗的日子就会变得可爱、可亲、可想念了。就像不管我的年岁如何增长、不论我在天涯海角,只要一想到爸爸从凤山提回来的那一锅肉羹,心中依然有三十年前的汹涌热潮在滚动。肉羹可能会冷,生命中的爱与祝愿,永远是热腾腾的;肉羹可能在动荡中会满溢出来,生活里被珍藏的真情蜜意,则永不逝去。

                                                                                                                     (选自《林清玄散文自选集》)