题干

现代化是世界各国努力追求的方向,但各国经济发展模式却不尽相同。阅读下列材料:

材料一:1930到1940年,很多西方经济学家开始研究苏联……我相信思想界、学术界对于苏联模式的推崇可能是“主流”。波兰经济学家兰格甚至认为苏联的经济体制可能会取代市场而做得更好。

——《张军谈1929:危机经济学的诞生》

材料二:1929年以后,国民政府通过与列强的交涉,实现了关税自主。……抗日战争全面爆发前的1936年,成为民国史上各项经济指标最好的一年。以事关国民经济发展的基础工业而言,由于有了较为长期的发展规划,并设置了像资源委员会这样的综合经济管理部门,发展最为迅速。

——步平、荣维木《中华民族抗日战争全史》

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    Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees' nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper - a little bird called a honey guide.

    The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax(蜂蜡), which is deep inside the bees' nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.

    Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but nothing can prevent the birds from making efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.

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