题干

战争教育了人们,人类在血与火的教训中探索着和平之路。阅读材料,回答下列问题。

材料一:1905年至1913年主要资本主义国家为争夺战略地区引发的局部冲突表

起止时间

主要国家

争夺地区

局部冲突

1905年-1911年

德、法等

大西洋与地中海地区之间的咽喉要地

摩洛哥危机(北非)

1908年-1909年

俄、奥匈、德等

巴尔干半岛

波斯尼亚事件(巴尔干半岛)

1912年-1913年

俄、奥匈等

巴尔干半岛

巴尔干战争(两次)


——选自《图说欧洲史》

材料二:1914年6月28日,奥匈帝国皇储斐迪南大公前往萨拉热窝巡视,被塞尔维亚青年普林西普射杀身亡。普林西普被捕审讯时,大胆地陈述了他的信念和动机:“我毫不后悔,因为我坚信我消灭了一个给我们带来灾难的人,做了一件好事。”1914年7月28日,奥匈帝国以这起突发事件为由向塞尔维亚宣战。8月1日、3日,德国先后对俄国、法国宣战。8月4日,英国对德国宣战。8月6日,奥匈帝国对俄国宣战。日本在8月23日向德国宣战。土耳其加入同盟国一方作战。世界性战争爆发。

——选自《全球通史》

材料三:战后,德法之间的矛盾更加尖锐;英国一直在国际事务中寻机打压法国;意大利身为战胜国几乎没有得到任何好处,但因战争损失惨重,为强权的独裁统治奠定了基础;志在远东、急于扩张的日本与在这一地区有重大利益的美国矛盾加剧等。这种种现状为第二次世界大战的爆发播下“火种”。

——选自《图说欧洲史》

材料四:2000年,联合国举行了“千年首脑会议”,150多位国家元首和政府首脑聚集在一起,共同探讨关系人类和平与发展的重大问题。会议发表的宣言提出了和平、安全与裁军,以及发展与消除贫穷等目标,体现了人类对和平与发展的追求。

——选自《20世纪的战争与和平》高中历史(选修)

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阅读下面短文,从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

D

    It happens every night—bedtime. But what if you're not sleepy? Should you still go to bed if you are just going to lie there with your eyes wide open? It's a problem that has been around as long as there are people trying to sleep.

    You might be excited by something you did in the day. You might be nervous about what you're going to do the next day. Maybe you don't like sleeping alone in your room. Maybe you have frightening dreams. All of these are possible reasons for your sleeping problem. However, there are some steps you can take to help you solve it.

    One thing that can help is talking to a parent or another trusted adult about what you're worrying about at bedtime. For example, if you're nervous about taking a test, or upset about being teased (被嘲弄) at school, it can really help to tell somebody. Knowing that somebody has heard you can help ease your mind so that you can have a good rest.

    Sleeping in a comfortable bed in a quiet and cool room is a good choice. If there's anything in your room that makes you feel uneasy or anxious at night, like a picture that looks strange in the dark, or a noisy faucet (水龙头) in the bathroom, be sure to ask your parents to move or fix it. Make sure electronics, such as mobile phones or iPads, are kept away from your bed. They can keep you excited, making it harder for you to fall asleep.

    If you are usually restless around bedtime, doing certain things to relax beforehand may help you fall asleep. Try to take more time to wind down by taking a warm bath, or listening to a bedtime story at least 30 minutes before you go to sleep. It also helps to follow a bedtime routine and go to sleep at the same time every night. As a result, your body will get the message that it's almost time to sleep. Your body will know to start feeling tired.

    In order to find the right solution for you, it's possible that you understand what exactly is keeping you up at night. Getting a good night's sleep is worth the time and effort of finding the right solution to your sleeping problem.