阅读理解

       Does stress cause gray hair？Many people believe that tension and stress can cause your hair to lose its color.In fact，it is an_old_wives’_tale that being upset all the time can result in premature graying.Here is a closer look at this situation and why some believe that this old wives’ tale could be true.

       As one ages，the hairs on the head also age.In fact，just about everything on the human body begins to show signs of wear and tear after a while.The joints wear and become stiff and skin wears and becomes wrinkled.Hairs on the head grow and eventually die.They are replaced，but in the process something else happens.

      When new hairs are replaced，the color or pigment (色素) is also added to them.However，as one ages，this pigment becomes less and less available.At first，hairs will have a limited amount of pigment and they will appear to be grayish in color.In time，they will lose all of their pigment and will be white.Many things are known to cause graying，and genetics is a very powerful factor.If one of your parents turns gray at an early age，there is a good chance that you will too.Some people begin the graying process in high school，while others may be over the age of forty.

      Constant worry and tension can have many harmful effects on the human body.It is a known fact that stressful times can cause one to suffer hair loss.It would make sense that if it can cause these problems，perhaps it also may contribute to graying.However，there is no sound evidence to support this.

       On the other hand，many medical professionals believe that there may be a link between graying and a constant state of anxiety or tension.Does stress cause gray hair？There is no scientific evidence to support the theory，but it is best to avoid stressful situations.

    Nowadays, parents worry a lot because their children spend hours and hours in front of the TV screen. Because this doesn't happen to only one specific family, many experts warn us that there can be some serious effects of children watching violence on television.

    Children who become addicted(上瘾的) to TV sit down and turn on the TV as soon as they get home. Although they have lots of homework, they become absorbed in TV programs.

    Since they spend tons of time watching TV, they have less time to enjoy real life activities such as playing with friends, playing outdoor sports, or enjoying other kinds of entertainment.

    There are too many violent scenes on TV. Some experts say there are 25 acts of violence per hour on TV. In addition, there are many experiments by psychologists which show how TV violence influences children. Finally, people worry that children tend to imitate what they watch on TV and may start to behave more violently.

    What should be done? First of all, the government should regulate TV violence. It should also encourage people to invent and develop new technology which can block violent scenes from the programs children watch. For example, with a rating system(分级制度) and the V-chip, unfit scenes of violence and sex can be blocked out. Second, parents should monitor what their children watch. At the same time, they should make their children interested in real life activities. Then when the children start to spend more time playing with friends or reading books, parents can stop their monitoring.

    It is a fact that there is more violence on TV today than there was ten years ago. Moreover, violent incidents occur more frequently in real life. It's time to realize how harmful watching TV violence is, and it's time to keep our children from watching violence.

阅读《谈友善》，完成题。
                                                                                                        谈友善
        ①日常生活中不难看到这样的情景：有的人因为一些鸡毛蒜皮的小事便恶语相向，甚至动起手来；有的人缺乏同情心，在别人遇到困难时无动于衷；还有的人能关爱家人和朋友，但对其他人却漠不关心……这些现象都是缺乏友善之心的表现，既有悖于中华民族的传统美德，也不符合现代文明的发展方向。人是社会关系的总和，在生活和工作中对人友善，是公民应具备的基本道德素养。《公民道德建设实施纲要》也把“友善”作为基本道德规范之一。因此，我们有必要在全社会倡导友善。
         ②友善，意味着宽以待人，不苛求于人，不强加于人。友善待人，表明人胸怀宽广，精神境界纯洁高尚。友善待人，是中华民族的传统美德之一，古代贤哲对这个问题有过许多精辟的论述。孔子明确提倡“         【甲】         ”，荀子则更强调了友善的重要，他说：“与人善言暖若锦帛，与人恶言深于矛戟。”一个人友善待人，人必友善待他，这样，才有助于成就大事业，整个社会氛围才会和谐，社会总体效率才会提高。可以说，一个充满友善的世界才是美好的世界。
        ③友善，还意味着乐于助人，互爱互助。对处于困境中的人伸出援助之手，发扬友爱互助精神，人间就会充满美好的真情。近年来，我国广大人民群众开展了各种互帮互助活动，如“希望工程”“送温暖”活动等等，使传统美德在新的历史条件下得到发扬光大。被誉为“当代雷锋”荣获“感动中国人物”称号的鞍钢集团矿业公司职工郭明义，几十年日一日，鲜血捐款，为有困难的人排忧解难；他在解释自己的行为时高兴地说“    【乙】        ”。不胜枚举的好人好事充分体现了社会主义大家庭的和谐人际关系，促进了社会主义精神文明的建设。
        ④对亲人、好友、同事友善，也许不难，但能以友善之心对待陌生人，却并非易事。我们倡导的友善，其理想境界是广具爱心。“          【丙】         ”，“四海之内皆兄弟”，只有推己及人，普施善心，广推善举，我们的社会才会充满温馨和谐。
        ⑤友善是和平的使者。在经济全球化、人际交往日趋频繁的今天，让我们共同努力，以取得谐调的发展。

某市在对中学生关于文化认同的调查中获得有关信息（见下图）。该图信息告诉我们（  ）